BIOL 2060 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Cattle Egret, Malaria, Parasitism
3 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Disease and Parasitism
February 10th, 2016
What is disease?
• Disease organisms live on or within host
• To its own benefit at detriment of the host
• Agents: microparasites
• Received much study because of strong effects in human populations
• It does not include malaria in lizards
Major Human Diseases:
• Plague
o Black death in 14th century 75-100 million
• Influenza or Flu
o Seasonal epidemic; several hundred thousands
o Pandemic yeast
• Cholera
• Tuberculosis
How to Study Disease and Parasitism:
Abundance of Winter Ticks in Moose:
• Tight correlation between number of ticks and the number of moose from the previous
year
Natural Variations: Malaria affecting lizards
• Majority of 125 malaria species attacj lizards
• 25% of western fence lizard in California affected
• Infected females store less fat and have less energy to lay eggs reduced reproduction
Manipulative Experiment: Tick Infestation in Cattle Egret Nestlings
• Bird chicks affected by nest parasites
• Tick density depends on weather
• Severe infection : up to 24 ticks/chick enchanced mortality
• Treatment with insecticide enchanced survival
Manipulative Experiment: population cycles supressed by parasite removal
• Red grouse shows population cycles
• Experimental parasite removal stops cycle
• Population more stable with a double treatment
Theory: Mathematical Models of Host-Disease Interactions
• Origin of human epidemiology
• Models conceptualize the processes that lead to epidemics
• Helps to project and understand disease
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
What is disease: disease organisms live on or within host, to its own benefit at detriment of the host, agents: microparasites, received much study because of strong effects in human populations. Major human diseases: plague, black death in 14th century 75-100 million. Influenza or flu: seasonal epidemic; several hundred thousands, pandemic yeast, cholera, tuberculosis. Abundance of winter ticks in moose: tight correlation between number of ticks and the number of moose from the previous year. Natural variations: malaria affecting lizards: majority of 125 malaria species attacj lizards, 25% of western fence lizard in california affected. Infected females store less fat and have less energy to lay eggs reduced reproduction. Manipulative experiment: tick infestation in cattle egret nestlings: bird chicks affected by nest parasites, tick density depends on weather, severe infection : up to 24 ticks/chick enchanced mortality, treatment with insecticide enchanced survival.
