BIOL 2040 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Aids, Reverse Transcriptase, Hieracium
3 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Conspectus of Evolutionary Biology
September 10, 2015
Through evolution plants can lose their ability to photosynthesize (fungus provides nutrients).
Some organisms show no parental care (turtles) while other animals exhibit extreme maternal care
(lions).
Some organisms hardly ever reproduce sexually (hawkweed).
Aphids can reproduce asexually or sexually.
Q. Why do most eukaryotic organisms have a sex?
A. Genetic Diversity
The change of pollinators can cause a species to diverge (do not mate).
Definition of Evolution: the genetic change in a population over time
An Example: HIV/AIDS
• HIV: virus – human immodeficiency
• AIDS: condition – acquired immune deficiency syndrome
• ~65 million infected
o 30 million have died
o 35 million living with HIV
• Mode of Transmissions (see textbook) – uneven distribution
o HIV can be transmitted via exchanged of blood, breast milk, semen
o Individuals cannot become infected through everyday activity
Very simple example of evolution.
Life cycle of HIV
Color coded:
DNA RNA
EachRNAmolecule:9,749nucleo des,9͞genes͟
HIV
“ ”
DNA mRNA protein
DNA mRNA proteinRNA
RNA
polymerase
reverse
transcriptase
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