BIOL 2020 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Cysteine, Polysaccharide, Triglyceride

• School: Dalhousie University
• Department: Biology
• Course: BIOL 2020
• Professor: Andrew Schofield

Document Summary

Biology 2020: abiogenesis = the beginning of life. (photosynthetic bacteria, cyanobacteria = generation of oxygen. (oxygen levels arouse in the planet). Oxygen was toxic to cynobacteria: eukaryotes, cambrian explosion. Prokaryotes: bacteria and archaea (live under extreme conditions) *the tree was made base on rrna sequences* The introduction of mitochondrion and chloroplast to the cell (when the worlds oxygen was rising). Presence of mitochondria (aerobic respiration) and/or chloroplast (photosynthetic). Ability to phagocytose and endocystose material (to eat). Diploidy (two copies or everything; chromosomes) just incase of mistakes. Cell division, mitosis, using a mitotic spindle. *made up of polymers that are made up from monomers (not lipids) Due to the 4 valance electrons, carbon (c) is the core of all these macromolecules. Monosaccharide -> disaccharide -> oligosaccharides (3-10 mono): attached to proteins or lipids (important for cell to cell recognition and protein trafficking) -> polysaccharide (repeating monomers): important for energy storage and cellular structure.