BIOL 1010 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Mendelian Inheritance, Gamete, Phenotype
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24 Nov 2016
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2 pairs of identical alleles are homozygous for the gene controlling that character. An organism that has two different alleles for a gene is said to be heterozygous. Observable traits; phenotype, genetic make up- genotype. Breeding an organism of an unknown genotype with a recessive homozygote is called a test cross- reveals genotype. Monohybrid; 1 pair of allele crossed ratio 3:1, Dihybrid; 2 pairs of alleles crossed 9:3:3:1. Law of independent assortment; each pair of alleles segregates independently of each other during gamete formation. Multiplication rule- to determine the probability we multiply probability of one event by the probability of the other. Addition rule- the probability that any one of two mutually exclusive events will occur is calculated by adding individual properties. The f1 offspring always looked like one of the 2 parental variety because one allele in a pair showed complete dominance. Codominance- 2 alleles affect phenotypes in distinguishable ways.
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1. Ifa species of flower has the allele R (red) which is incompletelydominant to the allele r (white) what color is the genotype of anindividual with a red flower? Choose as many as areappropriate. (Points: 2) RR
Rr
rr
R
r
geneticcombination that determines the observable form of a trait partof the DNA that codes for a specific protein theobservable form of a trait |
allelesof the gene pair are identical genesare homolgous traitsare passed from parents to progeny |
Aa pinkflowers AaDd |
theoffspring of the parental generation theoffspring of crossing the F1 generation with itself theoffspring of crossing the F1 generation with the parentalgeneration |
AABB A a |
theallele expressed in the heterozygote theallele that is most common in the population theallele that is lethal |
1AA:2 Aa:1 aa 1AA: 1 aa 1AA:1 Aa:1 aa |
green,heart-shaped leaves yellow,round leaves yellow,heart-shaped leaves |
10. Leaf color is controlled by 2 alleleswhere A (green) is dominant to a (yellow). Leaf shape is controlledby 2 alleles where B (round) is dominant to b (heart-shaped). Ifthe genotype AaBb is crossed with the genotype AaBb what will theratio of phenotypes be? (Points : 3) |
1green, round: 2 green , heart: 2 yellow, round: 1 yellow,heart
9green, round: 3 green, heart: 3 yellow, round: 1 yellow,heart
9AABB: 3 Aabb: 3 aaBb: 1 aabb