BIOC 2300 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Oxidative Phosphorylation, Cellular Respiration, Anabolism
3 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Introduction to Metabolism
February 22nd, 2016
Cellular Metabolism – the chemical process occurring within a living cell or organisms that are
necessary for maintaining life.
What must cellular metabolism achieve?
• Provide energy, macromolecules, bioactive molecules from a intermittent supply of a
limited number of nutrients
• Prevents build up of toxic materials in the wrong place
• Breakdown of xenobiotics
Metabolic pathways must be regulated in time and space:
• Adjustment to environmental conditions, supply and demand (availability of nutrients,
need for energy, need for building blocks/growth)
• Some pathways only occur in certain cell types, during certain stages of the cell
cycle/development
Metabolites are interconverted in a network of metabolic pathways.
*memorize map to put reactions into context
Metabolism and Size of Molecules
• *see metabolic map
• Biopolymers Monomers 2/3 Carbon intermediated citric acid cycle
• ATP is produced by oxidative phosphorylation
Catabolism and Anabolism:
• Catabolism – breakdown of large molecules to release energy and/or smaller molecules
• Anabolism – synthesis of large molecules for storage or biomass using energy
The breakdown of larger molecules can release energy
• Energy storage – in form of macromolecules such a glycogen, triglycerides and proteins
• Energy transport – within the cell or between cells; in the form of macromolecules or
intermediate metabolites like glucose, fatty acids or amino acids
• Energy release – through breakdown of macromolecules = catabolism
• Energy storage – through synthesis of macromolecules = anabolism
Energy metabolism involves oxidation and reduction reaction
• Catabolism of amino acids, monosaccharides and fatty acids involves oxidizing carbon
• Anabolism of amino acids, monosaccharides and fatty acids involves reducing carbons
• Carbon in CO2 is most oxidized
find more resources at oneclass.com
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Document Summary
Cellular metabolism the chemical process occurring within a living cell or organisms that are necessary for maintaining life. What must cellular metabolism achieve: provide energy, macromolecules, bioactive molecules from a intermittent supply of a limited number of nutrients, prevents build up of toxic materials in the wrong place, breakdown of xenobiotics. Metabolites are interconverted in a network of metabolic pathways. Metabolism and size of molecules: *see metabolic map, biopolymers monomers 2/3 carbon intermediated citric acid cycle, atp is produced by oxidative phosphorylation. Catabolism and anabolism: catabolism breakdown of large molecules to release energy and/or smaller molecules, anabolism synthesis of large molecules for storage or biomass using energy. Energy metabolism involves oxidation and reduction reaction: catabolism of amino acids, monosaccharides and fatty acids involves oxidizing carbon, anabolism of amino acids, monosaccharides and fatty acids involves reducing carbons, carbon in co2 is most oxidized. Several major metabolic pathways share a few common intermediates: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, pyruvate, acetyl-coa.
