PSYC 455 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Typical Antipsychotic, Frontal Lobe, Striatum
26 Apr 2018
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PSYC 455
Lecture 17 – Antipsychotics
• Schizophrenia
1. Theories on its causes:
a. Dopamine Hypothesis (Proposed by Phillip Seeman):
- Old:
i. SZ is a disorder of excessive dopamine in the Ventral Striatum (i.e.
evidence comes from antipsychotics that block Dopamine D2
receptors in the VS to alleviate the positive symptoms):
Made a plot looking at Effective Dose of all the drugs used to treat
SZ (on the X) and IC50 (i.e. dose needed for the drug to be
affective) for the D2 receptor (on the Y) and found that the
correlation is strong (i.e. linear))
- New:
i. SZ is caused by a mix of too much and excess DA (i.e. hypo-frontality)
b. NMDA Hypofunction:
- Problem with:
i. The NMDA system.
ii. Glutamate hypofunction in the frontal cortex
2. Sexe Differences:
a. Men:
- Develop SZ in puberty
b. Women:
- Develop SZ after and during menopause:
i. Is there a link/protective effect with estrogen against SZ?
Evidence:
The HPG Axis (i.e. the hormonal axis that regulates ovulation)
is tightly regulated in the hypothalamus by dopamine
interneurons:
1) Antipsychotics block D2 receptors in the hypothalamus (i.e.
causing 40% of women with SZ stop having a
period/Amenorrhea; because we are shutting down the
HPG pathway)
Pregnant women with SZ have a reduction of symptoms
Basically:
The drugs we are giving are shutting down the fertility system
which is protective against the disease (i.e. double whammy)
Current research:
Give Estrogen supplements:
1) These are dangerous though, because they can cause
cancers (i.e. we need to find a drug that can mimic
estroge’s atios
• Typical vs. A-Typical Anti-Psychotics
1. Recall:
a. PFC:
find more resources at oneclass.com
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Document Summary
Lecture 17 antipsychotics: schizophrenia, theories on its causes, dopamine hypothesis (proposed by phillip seeman): Sz is a disorder of excessive dopamine in the ventral striatum (i. e. evidence comes from antipsychotics that block dopamine d2 receptors in the vs to alleviate the positive symptoms): Made a plot looking at effective dose of all the drugs used to treat. Sz (on the x) and ic50 (i. e. dose needed for the drug to be affective) for the d2 receptor (on the y) and found that the correlation is strong (i. e. linear)) Sz is caused by a mix of too much and excess da (i. e. hypo-frontality: nmda hypofunction: Glutamate hypofunction in the frontal cortex: sexe differences, men: Pregnant women with sz have a reduction of symptoms. The drugs we are giving are shutting down the fertility system which is protective against the disease (i. e. double whammy)
