CHEM 208 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Glycerol, Finasteride, Covalent Bond
21 Apr 2018
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Document Summary
The hydrophilic end is stable when solubilized in water and the hydrophobic end consists of a long chain hydrocarbon that is more stable when surrounded by other organic groups. Classes of surfactants: there are different classes categorized by the charge of the hydrophilic component of the surfactant molecule after dissociation in water: anionic surfactants (negative charge), cationic (positive), non-ionic (no charge), and amphoteric (both positive and negative) Composition and limitations of soap: soaps (anionic surfactants) consist of the long hydrocarbon tails of fatty acids and the polar heads of sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids (found in fats and oils of animals and plants) Traditionally, soap was made from animal fat and wood ash (composed of potassium hydroxide and potassium carbonate) Advantages: soaps are manufactured from combinations of natural and renewable resources, soaps are biodegradable and thus do not pollute bodies of water. Disadvantages: formation of soap film (or scum) in water containing ca2+ and mg2+ ions (hard water).
