BIOL 227 Lecture 5: biol 227 tut 5 notes
3 May 2016
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Flattened mitochondrial christae (inner compartments formed by the folding of the inner membrane) Animal genetic toolbox: (1) animals multicellular, with the most diverse cell types. Fundamental evolutionary problem: cooperation among cells with opportunities for independent reproduction, access to energy (among other conflicts of interest) in clustered cells. The animals are a monophyletic group (an ancestor and all of its descendents) Animals are diverse: 34 major animal phyla are recognized and millions of species have been identified (1) animals are chemo-heterotrophs (2) they are arguably the largest heterotroph clade (predators, herbivores, detritiovores, omnivores, parasites, etc) in virtually every ecosystem. Animals are distinguished from other unikonts by two traits: Most likely candidates (othres nuclearids) are: choanoflagellates free living unicellular and colonial species, genetic (rna, protein, mitochondrial) agree this taxa is an outgroup to metazoa. Choanoflagellates (150 species, 3 genera) most unicellular, few are multicellular. Some life cycles alternate between uni and multicellular: colonial with cell specialization.
