BIOL 226 Lecture Notes - Lecture 26: Linnaean Taxonomy, Monophyly, Polyphyly
Document Summary
Write down the key concepts 1-4 and 6. Chapter 26- review: phylogenies show evolutionary relationships- phylogenetic trees, phylogenies are inferred from morphological and molecular data. Organisms with similar morphologies or dna sequences are likely to be more closely related than organisms with very different structures and genetic sequences. Phylogeny: evolutionary history of a species/ group of species: hypothesis (educated guess) about the evolutionary history of a species or a group of species. Note: different characteristics (morphological and molecular) allow scientists to come up with phylogenies: phylogenies are represented as evolutionary trees that represent how organisms are related to one another. Binomial naming system: linnaeus grouped species into increasingly inclusive categories. Note: no assumptions are made about when species have evolved: two types of trees, cladogram, phylogram. Monophyletic group: includes groups of organisms descended from a single ancestor. Paraphyletic group: composed of unrelated organisms descended from more than one ancestor (lack common ancestor).
