PSYC 2700 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Cognitive Model, Mental Model, Modus Tollens
4 Sep 2016
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Syllogism: a classic reasoning form composed of two premises and one conclusion in which the logical truth of the conclusion must be derived from the premises. Understand how different premises can be combined to yield logically true conclusions, understand what combinations of premises lead to invalid or incorrect conclusions. Two parts: conditional clause (statement that expresses some relationship, if p then q), followed by evidence. Conditional reasoning: a logical determination of whether the evidence supports, refutes, or is irrelevant to the state if-then relationship. Illicit conversion: if p, then q and evidence q, switch to if q, then p, implying p is true. Incorrect because order is meaningful, cause and effect. Not searching for evidence, rely on first impression or example. Confirmation bias: searching for positive evidence, evidence that confirms a conclusion or is consistent with our belief. You can also turn over 4 and 7 (modus tollens) to test; e card is modus ponens.
