PHIL 1301 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Hilary Putnam, Sextus Empiricus, Evil Demon
14 Feb 2017
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Validity conclusion follows from premises (if premises are true, conclusion must be true) Soundness requires validity and true (real) premises. Modus ponens p -> q, p, therefore q. Modus tollens p->q, q, therefore p. Basic syllogism *** (eg. all men are mortal. Disjunctive syllogism one thing or the other (p or q, p/q) 1517 - luther"s rebellion against catholic church (started it) 1543 - copernicus defends heliocentrism (earth is not centre of world, sun is) 1609 galileo (cid:271)uilds teles(cid:272)ope a(cid:374)d (cid:272)o(cid:374)fir(cid:373)s cope(cid:374)is(cid:272)us"s theory. 1633 galileo exiled (convicted of heresy, opposition of the church) Epistemological: provide sound basis for new scientific method, source of scientific knowledge is our minds, not our senses (rationalism vs. essentialism) Metaphysical: show how science and religion could be reconciled, splits universe into two parts: mind and body (physical vs non physical) Meditation 1 concerning those things that can be called into doubt. Descartes looks for things that absolutely cannot be doubted (basic truths)
