BIOL 2303 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Prokaryotic Large Ribosomal Subunit, Prokaryotic Small Ribosomal Subunit, 23S Ribosomal Rna

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18 Apr 2018

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Each nucleotide consists of a pentose sugar, a nitrogen base and a phosphate. In dna theres 4 possible bases: a, t, c, g with a fifth in rna: u. The backbone consists of alternating sugar and phosphate molecules. Primase: synthesizes rna primers on each strand. Single stranded binding protein: coats dna to protect it. Dna polymerase iii: catalyzes the addition of dntps to 3(cid:859) e(cid:374)d of the na pri(cid:373)er. Tau protein: holds the two dna polymerase iii proteins together at the helicase protein. Dna polymerase i: removes rna primers and fills in gaps on lagging strand. Dna gyrase: relieves supercoiling caused by unwinding. Hyperthermophiles: organisms that can live at tempertures ranging from 70-125 degrees. Translation: synthesis of proteins using information encoded in mrna. Proteins carry out many functions: enzymes, structural proteins. Major players: trnas and the ribosomes: trnas carry amino acids corresponding to the anticodon. 22 genetically encoded amino acids in microbes.

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QUESTION 1. Choose the true statement about prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication.

A.Eukaryotic DNA replication involves less protein factors than does prokaryotic DNA replication.

B. Prokaryotic DNA polymerases replicate DNA 5' to 3', while eukaryotic DNA polymerases replicate DNA 3' to 5'.

C. Eukaryotic DNA replication begins at multiple origins of replication, while prokaryotic DNA replication begins at a single origin of replication.

D. Prokaryotic genomes take longer to replicate than eukaryotic genomes.

QUESTION 2. Bacterial cells use DNA replication to:

A. make back-up copies of their genome in case of a mutation.

B. manifest multiple phenotypes at once.

C. copy their genetic material prior to binary fission.

D. build functional proteins.

QUESTION 3. Choose the true statement about the genetic code.

A. A cell's mRNA code is read four nucleotides at a time to specify a single amino acid.

B. The genetic code encodes 64 amino acids, one for each of the 64 corresponding codons.

C. The genetic code is redundant, with multiple codons specifying a single amino acid.

D. The genetic code varies widely among organisms, with each having a different set of codons for a corresponding amino acid.

QUESTION 4. Of the following enzymes, which are correctly matched with their function? To be marked correct, you'll need to select all correctly matched statements, as there may be more than one correct answer.

A. Helicase, relieves torsion stress as DNA unwinds

B. Ligase, covalently bonds adjacent Okazaki fragments

C. Primase, removes RNA primers

D. DNA polymerase III, builds most of the DNA on the leading and lagging strand

QUESTION 5. Which of the following contributes to DNA replication accuracy? To be marked correct, you'll need to select all true statements, as there may be more than one correct answer.

A. The capacity to proofread improves DNA replication accuracy.

B. A slow rate of DNA replication contributes to accuracy.

C. The use of primase improves DNA replication accuracy.

D. DNA replication accuracy is improved thanks to complementary base pairing rules.

BIOL 2303 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Prokaryotic Large Ribosomal Subunit, Prokaryotic Small Ribosomal Subunit, 23S Ribosomal Rna

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