BIOL 2201 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Acetyl-Coa, Oxidative Phosphorylation, Activation Energy

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28 Nov 2016

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Cell respiration: sugars are broken down and oxidized to produce co2 and water. The energy is captured in form of high energy chemical bonds. Break down of sugar results in saving the energy in form of high energy chemical bonds. Take the energy from breaking sugars and store them within their bond. Molecules require a boost over an energy barrier to undergo chemical reaction, this boost is called activation energy. A reaction requires energy to start, generally. This energy will push the reaction forward activation energy. Direct burning of sugar release more energy than stepwise oxidation of sugar in cells. If energy is obtained in only one process, you will obtain a lot of free energy. So the cell takes a stepwise approach in getting the energy from sugar. Requires multiple activation energies and releases, so it"s several steps. Energy is taken and stored in atp or nadh. Will require energy to start the process itself.

Related Questions

1. All of the following are correct descriptions of photosynthesis except:

A) The Calvin Cycle is endergonic.

B) Electrons are supplied to the reaction center via the splitting of water, which yields O2 as a byproduct

C) Chlorophyll and accessory pigments capture energy from the sun in the form of electrons, which they use to drive the electron transport chains of photosystems I and II.

D) ATP and NADPH generated in the light-dependent reactions are used to power CO2 fixation via the Calvin cycle in the light-independent reactions.

2. In glycolysis and the TCA cycle, glucose is _____ down to CO2; this process _____ lots of ATP and reducing power. In photosynthesis, CO2 is ______ back to sugar by the _______ of lots of ATP and reducing power.

A) reduced; requires; oxidized; production

B) oxidized; requires; reduced; production

C) oxidized; produces; reduced; input

D) reduced; produced; oxidized; input

3. Which description accurately compares cellular respiration and photosynthesis?

A) Photosynthesis uses energy captured from sunlight to power the reduction of carbon dioxide to sugars; cellular respiration oxidizes sugars to yield energy for the cell.

B) The ATP produced via cellular respiration is needed to power the reactions of photosynthesis

C) The pathways of photosynthesis are those of cellular respiration run in reverse.

D) Photosynthesis captures energy from sunlight to oxidize carbon dioxide to sugars; cellular respiration reduces these sugars to yield energy for the cell.

6. When homologous chromosomes pair up in meiosis, this is called:

a.	replication.

synapsis.

c.	cytokinesis.

d.	segregation.

7. Energy that is stored is called:

a. potential energy.

b.	thermodynamic energy

c.	activation energy.

d.	kinetic energy.

8. The O2 that we inhale when we breathe:

a.	is used in the mitochondria in aerobic cellular respiration.

b.	All of the above are true of the O2 we inhale.

c.	acts as the terminal electron receptor at the end of aerobic cellular respiration.

d.	may be produced by plants through photosynthesis.

9. Photosynthesis is the process by which:

a.	carbon dioxide is synthesized.

b.	glucose is synthesized.

c.	plants burn energy.

d.	glucose and other molecules are broken down.

10. If there is no oxygen available for a eukaryotic cell, which of these chemical reactions involved in cellular respiration will take place?

a.	the Krebs Cycle.

b.	glycolysis.

c.	all three can occur without oxygen.

d.	the electron transport chain.

11. Eukaryotic chromosomes:

a.	all of the above

b.	contain DNA.

c.	contain the recipe for the proteins needed for life.

d.	contain genes.

12. The diploid (2N) number of chromosomes in humans is 46. The number of chromosomes found in a human sperm cell is:

b.	the haploid number cannot be determined from the information given

yellowcat500

Question 1 When energy changes from one form to another, some of the energy that can be used to do work is always lost. The loss of this energy is mostly in the form of _________.
a. heat
b. potential energy
c. kinetic energy
d. light energy
e. mechanical energy

Question 2 Which of the following is exergonic?
a. binding fatty acids and glycerol molecules together to form lipids
b. building proteins from amino acids
c. binding sugars molecules together to form glycogen
d. breaking bonds in starch to release glucose
e. adding a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP

Question 3 The first law of thermodynamics states that:
a. energy can neither be created nor destroyed.
b. the universe is increasing in entropy.
c. all living organisms must eat to derive energy.
d. energy is required to bring molecules into a cell against a concentration gradient.
e. in energy-yielding reactions, matter goes from a more-ordered to a less-ordered state.

Question 4 Which of the following is true of energy?
a. It can be transferred from one form to another with 100 percent efficiency.
b. It can be created.
c. It can be stored in chemical bonds.
d. It can never be stored.
e. It can be released by forming chemical bonds.

Question 5 Metabolism is:
a. the sum of all the energy a cell uses.
b. the sum of all the vitamins a cell contains.
c. the sum of all the enzymes a cell contains.
d. the sum of all the chemical reactions that an organism carries out.
e. the sum of all the ATP a cell contains.

Question 6 Entropy is the measure of ________ in a system.
a. disorder
b. order
c. energy
d. work
e. heat

Question 7 What percentage of the energy stored in glucose are humans cells able to use to do useful work?
a. 37%
b. 100%
c. 15%
d. 52%
e. 48%

Question 8 What is activation energy?
a. the energy gained by living things, allowing them to remain active
b. the energy produced by the breakdown of ATP to ADP.
c. the energy required to initiate or begin a chemical reaction
d. the energy created by enzymes during exergonic reactions
e. the energy lost by living things in the form of heat

Question 9 Which of the following is true of allosteric enzymes?
a. Their activity can be reduced when the product binds the enzyme.
b. Their activity can be reduced when a coenzyme binds to them.
c. Their activity can be reduced when the substrate binds the enzyme.
d. Their activity can be increased when the product binds the enzyme.

Question 10 Which of the following is a true statement about enzymes?
a. They are made of proteins.
b. They are altered by the reactions they catalyze.
c. They increase the energy of activation of chemical reactions.
d. All of the above are true.
e. None of the above is true.

Question 11 What is the energy currency of cells?
a. ADP
b. enzymes
c. glucose
d. vitamins
e. ATP

Question 12 Kinetic energy is ____________, while potential energy is _____________.
a. stored energy; energy that is being used
b. stored energy; energy that can't be used
c. energy that is being used; stored energy
d. energy that can't be used; stored energy

Question 13 The energy released during ________ reactions can be used to drive ________ reactions, and this is called ________ reactions.
a. exergonic; endergonic; coupled
b. endergonic; exergonic; coupled
c. exergonic; endergonic; mutually dependent
d. coupled; mutually dependent; independent
e. endergonic; exergonic; mutually dependent

Question 14 ADP + P + Energy --> ATP Which of the following is a true statement about the chemical reaction above?
a. This is a coupled reaction.
b. This is an exergonic reaction.
c. The product of the reaction contains more energy than that of all of the reactants combined.
d. This is an endergonic reaction.
e. This is an example of a catabolic reaction.

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BIOL 2201 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Acetyl-Coa, Oxidative Phosphorylation, Activation Energy

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