PHYS 1P21 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Fundamental Interaction, Net Force, Rotating Reference Frame

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20 May 2016

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One definition of a force is a physical influence of one object acting on another object. An object can have energy, an object can have momentum, an object can have mass or velocity, but an object cannot have force in the same way. Remember we are speaking about the technical, physics definitions of these words, not the every-day meanings of these. An object can exerta force on another object, but an object cannot haveforce. A force always acts betweentwo objects; one object exerts a force on another object, and the second object feels the force exerted by the first object on it. We often think of forces as pushes or pulls. A force requires an agent; that is, somethingmust be doing the pushing or pulling. Forces can be modelled as vectors; that is, a force has magnitude and direction. The si unit of force is the newton (n).

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Why do we say that force is a vector quantity? We say that force is a vector quantity because it not only has a magnitude associated with it, but it also has a direction. So, if I say that a force acting on an object is F1 = 1 N, then we will take the convention that the force is acting to the right. If I say that another force acting on the same object is F2 = (-43) N, then we will take the convention that this force is acting to the left. So, if both of these forces were acting on one object then what would the Net Force? (The unit of measurement for force is the newton in the MKS System of units, written as N.)

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A car is stuck in the mud. A tow truck pulls on the car with the arrangement shown in Figure P5.42. The tow cable is under a tension of 2500 N and pulls downward and to the left on the pin at its upper end. The light pin is held in equilibrium by force exerted by the two bars A and B. Each bar is a strut; that is, each is a bar whose weight is small compared to the forces it exerts and which exerts forces only through hinge pins at its ends. Each strut exerts a force directed parallel to its length. Determine the force of tension or compression in each strut. Proceed as follows. Make a guess as to which wat (pushing or pulling) each force acts on the top pi. Draw a free-body diagram of the pin. Use the condition for equilibrium of the pin to translate the free-body diagram into equations. From the equations calculate the forces exerted by struts A and B. If you obtain a positive answer, you correctly guessed the direction of the force. A negative answer means that the direction should be reversed, but the absolute value gives the magnitude of the force. If a strut pulls on a pin, it is intension. If it pushes, the strut is in compression. Identify whether each strut is in tension or in compression.

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A car is stuck in the mud. A tow truck pulls on the car with the arrangement shown in Figure P5.24. The tow cable is under a tension of 2 500 N and pulls downward and to the left on the pin at its upper end. The light pin is held in equilibrium by forces exerted by the two bars A and B. Each bar is a strut; that is, each is a bar whose weight is small compared to the forces it exerts and which exerts forces only through hinge pins at its ends. Each strut exerts a force directed parallel to its length. Determine the force of tension or compression in each strut. Proceed as follows. Make a guess as to which way (pushing or pulling) each force acts on the top pin. Draw a free-body diagram of the pin. Use the condition for the equilibrium of the pin to translate the free-body diagram into equations. From the equations calculate the forces exerted by struts A and B. If you obtain a positive answer, you correctly guessed the direction of the force. A negative answer means that the direction should be reversed, but the absolute value correctly gives the magnitude of the force. If a strut pulls on a pin. it is in tension. If it pushes, the strut is in compression. Identify whether each strut is in tension or in compression.

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PHYS 1P21 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Fundamental Interaction, Net Force, Rotating Reference Frame

PHYS 1P21 Full Course Notes

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