KINE 2P20 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Postprandial, Alanine, Glycogen
9 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Nutrition 2P20
Dietary Fibre
- Complex carbohydrates not digested by human enzymes or absorbed by the body
- Fibre slows nutrient absorption
- Soluble fibre:
▪ Viscous – pectins, gums, (gel, dissolves in water)
▪ Prebiotics (digestible by intestinal bacteria) food for bacteria
▪ Fruits, Vegetables, Grains and Seeds
▪ Reduces cholesterol: absorbs bile; more bile needs to be made from
cholesterol
- Insoluble Fibre:
▪ Non-viscous – cellulose, lignins (not dissolved in water)
▪ Non-digestible by intestinal bacteria
▪ Grains and Vegetables
- Classifications of Fibre
▪ Fibre: found in plant foods
▪ Functional Fibre: health-benefitting fibre that has been isolated and
added to foods
▪ Total Fibre: Dietary + Functional Fibre
• Dietary fibre seen on food label
• Missing CHO’s and starches
- Fibre and Bowel Disorders
▪ Diets high in fibre of indigestible carbohydrates can help to relieve or
prevent certain bowel disorders
• Hemorrhoids
• Diverticulitis: out pouch in the intestinal wall
• Constipation
• Cancer; colon – reduces chances or carcinogenic interaction
- How to increase your fibre intake
▪ Add fibre slowly
▪ Drink lots of water
Glucose in the body
- Glucose stored as glycogen: liver and muscle
- If glycogen stores are depleted, the body makes glucose from precursors
- Gluconeogenesis: conversion of non-glucose precursors to glucose
▪ Amino acids (alanine, glutamine), lactate, pyruvate, glycerol
Regulating Blood Glucose
- Regulated by liver and pancreas
- Hormones (3)
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Document Summary
Complex carbohydrates not digested by human enzymes or absorbed by the body. Soluble fibre: viscous pectins, gums, (gel, dissolves in water, prebiotics (digestible by intestinal bacteria) food for bacteria, fruits, vegetables, grains and seeds, reduces cholesterol: absorbs bile; more bile needs to be made from. Insoluble fibre: cholesterol: non-viscous cellulose, lignins (not dissolved in water, non-digestible by intestinal bacteria, grains and vegetables. Classifications of fibre: fibre: found in plant foods, functional fibre: health-benefitting fibre that has been isolated and added to foods, total fibre: dietary + functional fibre, dietary fibre seen on food label, missing cho"s and starches. Fibre and bowel disorders: diets high in fibre of indigestible carbohydrates can help to relieve or prevent certain bowel disorders, hemorrhoids, diverticulitis: out pouch in the intestinal wall, constipation, cancer; colon reduces chances or carcinogenic interaction. How to increase your fibre intake: add fibre slowly, drink lots of water. Glucose stored as glycogen: liver and muscle.
