CHYS 2P10 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Intelligence Quotient, Wechsler Intelligence Scale For Children, Mental Age
14 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Intelligence is a trait or set of traits on which individuals differ
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Quantify intelligence
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Psychometric approach
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Easy
challenging
How children we're doing in school
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Testing school
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Mental age
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Early Binet-Simon test (1 of the first to do this)
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Psychometric Views
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What is Intelligence?
To determine intelligence, they sought to examine items that were correlated with high
teacher ratings
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From this they developed the Binet-Simon test of intelligence, which gave a score in terms
of the child’s mental level (also referred to as mental age)
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Advanced vs. delayed
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Important abilities: logical, reading, numerous
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Mental Age
Referred to mental age as a fraction
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(Operating age/physical age) X 100 (IQ score)
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Tells how well you are doing according to your age
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These tests were eventually modified in the U.S.A. to become the Stanford-Binet test
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This test reported test scores in terms of intelligent quotient (IQ), which was a function of
the mental age of the child divided by their actual physical age
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Adult version is the WAIS-III, child version is the WISC-III
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I.Q.
Intelligence Quotient calculated as
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IQ = Mental Age/Chronological Age *100, but all modern tests now use Deviation
IQs
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Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
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WPPSI –III
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WISC –IV
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Tests include both verbal and nonverbal (performance) measures
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The Wechsler Scales
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How is Intelligence Measured?
IQ as a relative percentile
Week 6: Intelligence
CHYS 2P10 Page 1
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Relative to the population
Used to be used for only adults, but now it is used on children
Below or above 98% of the peers
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Ontario schools: 30 point above or below in order to get IEP
IQ is the most commonly used intelligence test for children and adult, but not the only way
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Better and faster signal
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Smart=good brain
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Sir Francis Gelton believed that intelligence was based on biological differences in the
speed of neural conduction
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He attempted to determine if there was a link between intelligence and the speed of sensory
processes (using basic instruments!), but he did not find any significant correlation
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General Intelligence
Use mathematics for a common fact: factor analysis, look for the correlations
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Charles Spearman developed factor analysis to determine if there was a general intelligence
that underlay performance in the different forms of Binet’s tests
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Specific to one task
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Specific intelligence referred to skills that applied directly to the problem being
solved (e.g., knowing how a specific calculation)
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General task
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To better in both courses
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General intelligence was a factor that correlated positively with the results of all
of the tests (similar to Galton’s idea of general intelligence)
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G influences all test scores
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Specific vs. General Intelligence
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He found that two factors influenced performance on these tests: general intelligence (g)
and specific intelligence (s)
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Spearman’s g
Cattell further developed this idea by breaking g into gf(general fluid intelligence) and gc
(general crystal intelligence)
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Fluid intelligence is a general mental ability that could be adapted to any use, while
crystallized intelligence refers to previous experience/learning
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Fluid & Crystal g
Adapting to new environments and new information= plasticity
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Fluid intelligence is most directly helpful in unfamiliar testing situations
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The opposite is true for crystallized intelligence
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Fluid vs. Crystal g
CHYS 2P10 Page 2
Document Summary
Intelligence is a trait or set of traits on which individuals differ. Early binet-simon test (1 of the first to do this) To determine intelligence, they sought to examine items that were correlated with high teacher ratings. From this they developed the binet-simon test of intelligence, which gave a score in terms of the child"s mental level (also referred to as mental age) These tests were eventually modified in the u. s. a. to become the stanford-binet test. Referred to mental age as a fraction (operating age/physical age) x 100 (iq score) Tells how well you are doing according to your age. This test reported test scores in terms of intelligent quotient (iq), which was a function of the mental age of the child divided by their actual physical age. Adult version is the wais-iii, child version is the wisc-iii. Iq = mental age/chronological age *100, but all modern tests now use deviation. Tests include both verbal and nonverbal (performance) measures.
