BIOL 3P64 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Harmonia Axyridis, Soybean Aphid, Hemolymph
5 May 2018
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Lecture 11: Beneficial Insects 13/11/2017
• Ladybird Beetle - Coccinellidae
o Many species feed on aphids (one of the most common plant pests)
o Others feed on scale insects and mites
o Generally very effective in reducing infestations.
o Ladybird beetles overwinter in the adult stage and often are found clustered together under debris in the
winter, also on peoples walls
• Ladybug larvae
o Ladybug larvae are also voracious predators
o Colourful ferious appearance suggests they are harmful
o However, they do not harm humans
• A well known example is the Multicoloured Asiam Lady Beetle (MALB)
o Harmonia axyridis
▪ Number of difference visual appearnaces
• Red
• M shape o prootu
• The story of Harmonia axyridis
o Feed on soybean aphids
▪ Hemiptera, Aphididae, Aphis glycines
▪ Orginially native to asia
▪ Feed upon plant material
▪ Primary host
• Buckthorn plants
• Autumn-spring
▪ Secondary host
• Soybean
• Late spring-summer
o H. axyridis
▪ Introduced to NA to control aphid populations years before A. glycines became a problem
• First: 1916...but beetle did not establish
▪ Found to be established ~1990 in the US
▪ Natural predator of A. glycines in Asia Once soybean aphid arrived, it was well-controlled by resident
H. axyridis
▪ Result: $$ saved!
o However
▪ Aphid outbreak = lots of food for the lady beetle
▪ Widespread propagation of H. axyridis, which became a pest itself!
• Clusters of lad eetles, people eig itte, aful steh
▪ Eventually, not enough aphids
▪ Beetles sought other food sources
• Grape vines!
o ...and what comes from grapes? -wine
o Wine industry
▪ H. aridis otale sell oes fro their haeolph
▪ ‘efle leedig: isets serete haeolph to deter predators
▪ Beetles get ground up into wine barrels
▪ Haemolymph contaminates wine
• Makes it taste gross
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Document Summary
Ladybird beetle - coccinellidae: many species feed on aphids (one of the most common plant pests, others feed on scale insects and mites, generally very effective in reducing infestations. Ladybird beetles overwinter in the adult stage and often are found clustered together under debris in the winter, also on peoples walls. Introduced to na to control aphid populations years before a. glycines became a problem: first: 1916but beetle did not establish. Found to be established ~1990 in the us. Clusters of lad(cid:455) (cid:271)eetles, people (cid:271)ei(cid:374)g (cid:858)(cid:271)itte(cid:374)(cid:859), a(cid:449)ful ste(cid:374)(cid:272)h: eventually, not enough aphids, beetles sought other food sources. Wine: wine industry, h. a(cid:454)(cid:455)ridis(cid:859) (cid:374)ota(cid:271)le s(cid:373)ell (cid:272)o(cid:373)es fro(cid:373) their hae(cid:373)ol(cid:455)(cid:373)ph (cid:858) efle(cid:454) (cid:271)leedi(cid:374)g(cid:859): i(cid:374)se(cid:272)ts se(cid:272)rete hae(cid:373)ol(cid:455)(cid:373)ph to deter predators. In the family reduviidae: some authors give them their own family, phymatidae. These pits are usually 1 1/2 to 2 inches in diameter and about the same depth.
