BIOL 2P97 Lecture 5: The Cardiovascular System Part 1

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tealbee479

2 Dec 2015

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Fuel and nutrient pickup from the gi tract and transport to other. Pickup and transport of waste excreted by tissue cells and delivery to. Perfusion of lungs with blood for gas exchange and regulation. Transport of heat around the body for temperature regulation. Transport of white cells involved in immunity tissues and cells kidneys for removal o o o o o. The relatively high metabolic rates of humans requires a cv system that can support higher rates of material exchange. Humans and other mammals have a closed cv system in which blood moves quickly in large conducting vessels and then slows down in capillaries where exchange between blood and cells occurs. A four chambered heart separates the flow of oxygenated from non- oxygenated blood. Consists of the heart and the blood vessels. Simplified anatomy of the cv system, with the four chambered heart at the center heart.

Related Questions

1. Which of the following are considered blood vessels within the cardiovascular system? (Select all that apply.)

Veins

Arteries \

Epithelial tissue

Capillaries

Epidermis

2. The middle muscle layer found in the walls of the heart is the __________.

Myocardium

Epicardium

Endocardium

Aorta

3. Blood is transported throughout the body via ___________.

Veins
Arteries

Capillaries

All of the above

4. The right atrium receives blood from all parts of the body except the ______________.

Abdominal cavity

Lungs

Dorsal cavity

Cranium

5. Blood carries which of the following?

Oxygen and cellular waste

Oxygen, nutrients, hormones, enzymes, and cellular waste

Nutrients, hormones, enzymes

Oxygen, nutrients, enzymes

6. Vocal chords are found in the ____________.

Bronchus

Trachea

Larynx and Pharynx

Nasal cavity

7. The trachea is mostly lined by ________________.

Alveoli

Ciliated

mucous membrane

Lung capillaries
Vocal chords

8. Excess CO2 from the body is __________________.

Stored in the pancreas

Digested by cells

Excreted by the respiration process

Used to make ATP

9. CO2 from the body is released into the lungs via _________________.

Ciliated mucous membrane

Alveolar air

Nasal cavity

Bronchial tree

10. The principal function(s) of gas exchange is ____________________.

To supply cells with oxygen

To remove CO2 from the body

Both A and B

Neither of the above

One of the most common chronic conditions affecting the respiratory system is asthma. Asthma is a condition characterized by inflammation of the airways. When an asthma attack is triggered, the airways become even more inflamed and can restrict breathing. Common symptoms during an asthma attacks include coughing, wheezing, tightness in the chest and shortness of breath. Severe asthma attacks can be fatal. People with a family history of asthma are more likely to have the condition. While there is no cure for asthma, proper medical care and a management plan can help to maintain quality of life for people living with asthma. There are different types of asthma, each with their own triggers and management plans. Type Description Exercise-induced Bronchoconstriction (EIB), or Exercise-induced Asthma (EIA) Some people only experience asthma symptoms during exercise. Exercise-induced asthma causes the narrowing of airways during exercise, which restricts the flow of air to and from the lungs. Cold, dry air tends to exacerbate symptoms, while warm, humid air may reduce symptoms. People with exercise-induced asthma should work with their doctor to create a management plan that still allows them to exercise while keeping their symptoms under control. Allergic Asthma Allergic asthma is the most common form of asthma. It is triggered by inhaling allergen particulates, such as dust mites, pollen, pet dander, or mold. The bodyâs reaction to the allergens causes inflammation that results in coughing, wheezing, and other symptoms of asthma. Occupational Asthma Occupational asthma is caused by the frequent inhalation (breathing) of gases, fumes, dust, or other harmful substances in the workplace. Employees working in the chemical or petroleum industries are frequently exposed to chemicals such as Sulphur dioxide or hydrochloric acid, and may develop occupational asthma after prolonged exposure. Childhood Asthma Childhood asthma is usually developed before age 5. It is a condition that affects millions of children. It is vital that childhood asthma is properly controlled to prevent damage to the developing lungs Risk factors: â¢ Allergies â¢ Family history â¢ Frequent respiratory infections â¢ Low birth-weight â¢ Second-hand smoke â¢ Residing in a low-income, urban environment

Asthma symptoms that are triggered by exposure to pollen, pet dander, mold, or dust mites is indicative of which of the following types of asthma:

Occupational asthma

Childhood asthma

Allergic asthma

Exercise-induced asthma

aquamarinecaribou889

The digestion process begins at the mouth. Food enters and then accessory digestive organs like the tongue, teeth, and salivary glands break down the substance. It then travels through the pharynx and esophagus into the stomach, where the stomach acid further breaks down the food (UXL Complete Health Resource). After that, the food travels through the small and large intestines where a majority of its nutrients are absorbed. The waste then exits through the end of the large intestine which is made up of the rectum and anus. After the teeth assist in chewing, food rolls over the tongue and reaches stomach through the esophagus within 8 seconds. General Tsoâs Chicken and Rice consist of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. However, carbohydrates are digested easily than the fats and proteins. After broken down in the stomach, most of the nutrients are absorbed from the small intestine, and it takes 6 to 8 hours to pass through small intestine. The remaining unabsorbed material, âmoves very slowly through the large intestine where the final absorption of water and other nutrients take placeâ (UXL Complete Health Resource). The parasympathetic nervous system encourages the food to move through the digestive tract and motivates digestion process. The sympathetic nervous system works against the parasympathetic nervous system by decreasing the contraction and relaxation of the digestive tract (Taylor). Mouth produces saliva, which contains amylase. Amylase is key in digesting carbohydrates. The stomach produces hydrochloric acid, pepsinogen, intrinsic factor, and mucus (Taylor). Hydrochloric acid kills the bacteria and other organisms that enter the stomach, and then continues to activate pepsinogen. Pepsinogen then changes into pepsin, which digests protein peptides. The pancreas produces trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidases, lipases, and phospholipases. Trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidases digest proteins, whereas lipases, phospholipases digest lipid molecules. Small intestine produces lactase, sucrase, maltase, lipases, and peptidases. Lactase, sucrase, and maltase digest carbohydrates (UXL Complete Health Resource). Saliva glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder are the accessory organs of the digestive process. Saliva glands produce mucus and amylase which digests starch into simple sugars and binds food particles together, while lubricating the palette when one swallows. The pancreas produces amylase, lipases, and proteinases etc. These digestive juices are responsible for breaking down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. The liver is the largest gland in the body, âIt produces bile salts to emulsify lipids. It detoxifies metabolic end products to protect the bodyâ (UXL Complete Health Resource). Gallbladder stores bile juice. The chicken in the General Tsoâs contains proteins. Proteins cannot be digested in mouth. However, the mouth can physically digest chicken into smaller pieces. These partially digested chicken pieces travel to stomach, where it is digested by pepsin. The pancreas produces trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidases, lipases, and phospholipases (UXL Complete Health Resource). The chicken is then digested by trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidases in the duodenum of the small intestine. After the complete digestion, the chickenâs proteins change into amino acids, which are then absorbed into blood. The rice of the General Tsoâs is a carbohydrate. Carbohydrates are partially digested inside the mouth by amylase. The rest of the rice travels to the stomach where it is digested by pancreatic juices and enzymes that are produced by small intestine. The digestion of the rice produces monosaccharides that absorb into the blood stream. The left over, and undigested parts of the chicken and rice that are useless to the body are excreted by large intestine through rectum.

1) Based on your finding in the Module 3 Report, begin the Module 4 Report by identifying which metabolites are being absorbed and specifically which vessels of the cardiovascular or lymphatic system are the initial vessel of transport from the digestive system. 2) From the point that the specific metabolites are absorbed from the GI tract, trace the path of the resulting metabolites to the following locations in the body for incorporation into the body structure: Metabolites of protein for use in the Gastrocnemius muscle for muscle maintenance. Metabolites of the carbohydrates for energy to contract the cardiac muscle cells. Metabolites of fat to incorporate into the myelin sheaths of the Schwann cells of the Trigeminal nerve that innervates the Masseter muscle. Water for incorporation into the synovial fluid of the hip joint. Iron for incorporation into red blood cells in the bone marrow of the sternum.

maroonguinea-pig686

Food that we consume is composed of very complex molecules. During the digestive process these compounds are broken down into smaller and smaller subunits in preparation for use by the body as building blocks needed for the many components of the human body. The digestion process begins at the mouth. Food enters and then accessory digestive organs like the tongue, teeth, and salivary glands break down the substance. It then travels through the pharynx and esophagus into the stomach, where the stomach acid further breaks down the food (UXL Complete Health Resource). After that, the food travels through the small and large intestines where a majority of its nutrients are absorbed. The waste then exits through the end of the large intestine which is made up of the rectum and anus. After the teeth assist in chewing, food rolls over the tongue and reaches stomach through the esophagus within 8 seconds. General Tsoâs Chicken and Rice consist of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. However, carbohydrates are digested easily than the fats and proteins. After broken down in the stomach, most of the nutrients are absorbed from the small intestine, and it takes 6 to 8 hours to pass through small intestine. The remaining unabsorbed material, âmoves very slowly through the large intestine where the final absorption of water and other nutrients take placeâ (UXL Complete Health Resource). The parasympathetic nervous system encourages the food to move through the digestive tract and motivates digestion process. The sympathetic nervous system works against the parasympathetic nervous system by decreasing the contraction and relaxation of the digestive tract (Taylor). Mouth produces saliva, which contains amylase. Amylase is key in digesting carbohydrates. The stomach produces hydrochloric acid, pepsinogen, intrinsic factor, and mucus (Taylor). Hydrochloric acid kills the bacteria and other organisms that enter the stomach, and then continues to activate pepsinogen. Pepsinogen then changes into pepsin, which digests protein peptides. The pancreas produces trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidases, lipases, and phospholipases. Trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidases digest proteins, whereas lipases, phospholipases digest lipid molecules. Small intestine produces lactase, sucrase, maltase, lipases, and peptidases. Lactase, sucrase, and maltase digest carbohydrates (UXL Complete Health Resource). Saliva glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder are the accessory organs of the digestive process. Saliva glands produce mucus and amylase which digests starch into simple sugars and binds food particles together, while lubricating the palette when one swallows. The pancreas produces amylase, lipases, and proteinases etc. These digestive juices are responsible for breaking down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. The liver is the largest gland in the body, âIt produces bile salts to emulsify lipids. It detoxifies metabolic end products to protect the bodyâ (UXL Complete Health Resource). Gallbladder stores bile juice. The chicken in the General Tsoâs contains proteins. Proteins cannot be digested in mouth. However, the mouth can physically digest chicken into smaller pieces. These partially digested chicken pieces travel to stomach, where it is digested by pepsin. The pancreas produces trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidases, lipases, and phospholipases (UXL Complete Health Resource). The chicken is then digested by trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidases in the duodenum of the small intestine. After the complete digestion, the chickenâs proteins change into amino acids, which are then absorbed into blood. The rice of the General Tsoâs is a carbohydrate. Carbohydrates are partially digested inside the mouth by amylase. The rest of the rice travels to the stomach where it is digested by pancreatic juices and enzymes that are produced by small intestine. The digestion of the rice produces monosaccharides that absorb into the blood stream. The left over, and undigested parts of the chicken and rice that are useless to the body are excreted by large intestine through rectum. 1) Based on your finding in the Module 3 Report, begin the Module 4 Report by identifying which metabolites are being absorbed and specifically which vessels of the cardiovascular or lymphatic system are the initial vessel of transport from the digestive system. 2) From the point that the specific metabolites are absorbed from the GI tract, trace the path of the resulting metabolites to the following locations in the body for incorporation into the body structure: Metabolites of protein for use in the Gastrocnemius muscle for muscle maintenance. Metabolites of the carbohydrates for energy to contract the cardiac muscle cells. Metabolites of fat to incorporate into the myelin sheaths of the Schwann cells of the Trigeminal nerve that innervates the Masseter muscle. Water for incorporation into the synovial fluid of the hip joint. Iron for incorporation into red blood cells in the bone marrow of the sternum.

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BIOL 2P97 Lecture 5: The Cardiovascular System Part 1

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