BIOL 1F90 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Spinach, Pigment, Chlorophyll
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Photosynthesis Lab Report
- Plant Structure and Function
- Through the process called __________ plants convert lightenergy into
__________ energy. Record your answerbelow.
- In which structure of the plant does photosynthesis occur?
- What is the difference between xylem and phloem?
- Based on lab, Exercise 1, what is the name and function of thestructure labeled with the letter âHâ?
- Chloroplast
- Based on Lab, Exercise 2, draw and label each part of thechloroplast. Sign, date and prepare an image of your drawing andinclude it with this lab report.
- What part of the process of photosynthesis occurs in thethylakoid compartment?
- What is the name and function of the structure labeled with theletter âEâ in Exercise 2?
- Photosynthetic Products
- What are the three products of photosynthesis?
- What happens to the glucose that is not metabolizedimmediately?
- In the test for starch, which tube demonstrated a positive testfor starch? How do you know?
- Based on Lab, Exercise 3 explain why part of the leaf was amberin color.
- Light Absorption
- What pigment is used by plants to absorb light?
- In the video demonstration in Exercise 4 what happens to thelight spectrum when a green filter is placed in front of the lightsource?
- In step 3 of Exercise 4, which color was not absorbed by thespinach pigments?
- Photosynthetic Pigments
- What process is used in Exercise 5 to separate the plantpigments?
- Look at the chromatogram results in Exercise 5. What color isreflected by chlorophyll a?
- Which pigment reflected an orange color?
VI. Effect of Light and Temperature onPhotosynthesis
- What was the conclusion of Blackmanâs first experiment on theeffect of light on photosynthesis?
- In his second experiment, what effect did increasingtemperature have on the rate of photosynthesis?
- Record the data from Exercise 6 below.
Lamp Distance | Temperature | Ave Bubble/min |
75 cm | ||
50 cm | ||
25 cm |
- In the experiment in Exercise 6, what conclusion can be drawnabout the effect of light and temperature on rate ofphotosynthesis?
Summary Questions
- Why do heterotrophs depend on autotrophs?
- Name two reactants necessary for photosynthesis to occur.
- How would the process of photosynthesis be affected if a planthad no stomata?
- What tool is used to separate white light into differentwavelengths of color?
- Explain why we see the color green on the leaves ofplants.
- What color is absorbed the least by the petals on asunflower?
- Photosynthesis consists of two phases. Which phase would beleast affected by living in an area where there are shorter daysand long periods of darkness?
- How could air pollution affect food production and the priceyou pay for food at the supermarket?
| Review question its 1-12 sorry for the xtra questions in the bottom 1:2D chromatography is so named because ____ A: there are two steps: labeling with a radioactive marker and separation via chromatography B: two different solutions are used in the paper chromatography C: the molecules are separated into a linear arrangement, meaning two dimension D: two different types of radioactive markers must be used E: the process separates the molecules in two direction, first along the X and then along the Y axis 2: :Which molecule(s) regulate(s) photosynthesis by sensing the metabolic status of the chloroplast and regulating proton flow out of the thylakoid lumen?? A: ATP synthase B: antenna complex C: Chrolophyll B D: carotenoids E: chlorphyll A 3: When does A CAM plant take in atmospheric CO2? A: daytime only B: Summer day C: winter day D: nighttime only E: anytime the calvin cycle is happening 4: Where can you find ATP synthase in a plant cell ? B: in the mitochondial inner membrane C: both thylakid and inner mitochondria membrane D: only in the nucleus E: embedded in the plasma membrane 5: chloroplast kept in the daek can continue to make sugar is provided with A: NADPH, CO2, and ADP B: CO2, and ATP C: NADPH, ATP, and CO2 D: NADPH and ATP E: water and ATP 7: C3 plants are more susceptible to photorespiration than either C4 or CAM plants. Why do most plants lack the C4 pathway?? A: Switching between C3, C4, and CAM photosynthesis is very difficult for most plants B: ?Rubisco is more efficient in C3 plants when compared to rubisco of C4 and CAM plants C: Most plant species do not have vacuoles in their cells to store the malate generated from CO2 taken in during the night. D; : Photorespiration is not a serious problem for most plants.? E: There is an energetic cost to C4 and CAM pathways that only makes them advantageous in very hot and/or arid environments.? 8: In Engelmann's classic experiment, why were the oxygen-requiring bacteria clustered around the regions of Spirogyra algae that were bathed in red, blue, and violet light? A; The bacteria were immobile and that is where Engelmann happened to place them .? B; The most energy-rich wavelengths of light are found at the edges of visible and nonvisible light (ultra violet and infrared) C; Photosynthesis is most active in those wavelengths of light and thus more oxygen is consumed by the algae in those regions. D: Photosynthesis is most active in those wavelengths of light and thus more oxygen is produced by the algae in those regions.? E: : Chlorophyll is green and thus reflects green light. 9: In any experiment, changes to the dependent variable based on the manipulations of the independent variable are measured. When determining the action spectrum of a given plant, what is the independent variable and what is the dependent variable? A: independent = rate of O2 release in photosynthesis; dependent = wavelength? B: ?independent = absorption of light; dependent = wavelength C: independent = wavelength; dependent = rate of O2 release in photosynthesis? D: independent = wavelength; dependent = absorption of light? E: independent = rate of O2 release in photosynthesis; dependent = absorption of light 10: Which plant structure is responsible for gas exchange?? A: stromal lamellae B: grana C: granastomata? D: stroma 11: n order to elucidate the Calvin cycle, Calvin and his colleagues used two-dimensional paper chromatography to analyze the presence of different molecules under different conditions. What did they conclude from the accumulation of RuBP when CO2 levels were low?? A: CO2 serves as a non-competitive inhibitor of rubisco. B: RuBP is the last substrate to react in the Calvin cycle. C: RuBP only reacts with CO2 when concentrations of ATP are low D: RuBP is the first substrate to react with CO2 E: ?RuBP only reacts with CO2 in the sunlight. 12: Why isn't oxygen produced by organisms that perform anoxygenic photosynthesis? A; their membranes lack ATP synthase? B; They use a different enzyme for the initial reactions of the calvin cycle C: they use electrons donors other than water D: their photosystem do not utilize the calvin cycle E: their chorophyll contains an iron rather than magnesium A: ?there are two steps: labeling with a radioactive marker and separation via chromatography |
| B: two different solutions are used in the paper chromatography process? |
| C: the molecules are separated into a linear arrangement, meaning two dimensions? |
| D: two different types of radioactive markers must be used? |
| E: the process separates the molecules in two directions, first along the x axis and then along the y axis? |
2:Which molecule(s) regulate(s) photosynthesis by sensing the metabolic status of the chloroplast and regulating proton flow out of the thylakoid lumen??
| A: ?ATP synthase |
| B: the antenna complex? |
| C: chlorophyll b? |
| D: carotenoids? |
| E: chlorophyll a 3: When does a CAM plant take in atmospheric CO2??
6: Where does the Calvin cycle occur?
|
7: C3 plants are more susceptible to photorespiration than either C4 or CAM plants. Why do most plants lack the C4 pathway??
| A: Switching between C3, C4, and CAM photosynthesis is very difficult for most plants.? |
| B: ?Rubisco is more efficient in C3 plants when compared to rubisco of C4 and CAM plants. |
| C: Most plant species do not have vacuoles in their cells to store the malate generated from CO2 taken in during the night.? |
| D: Photorespiration is not a serious problem for most plants.? |
| E: There is an energetic cost to C4 and CAM pathways that only makes them advantageous in very hot and/or arid environments.? |
8: In Engelmann's classic experiment, why were the oxygen-requiring bacteria clustered around the regions of Spirogyra algae that were bathed in red, blue, and violet light??
| A:The bacteria were immobile and that is where Engelmann happened to place them.? |
| B: The most energy-rich wavelengths of light are found at the edges of visible and nonvisible light (ultra violet and infrared).? |
| ?c: Photosynthesis is most active in those wavelengths of light and thus more oxygen is consumed by the algae in those regions. |
| D; Photosynthesis is most active in those wavelengths of light and thus more oxygen is produced by the algae in those regions.? |
| ?e: Chlorophyll is green and thus reflects green light. |
9; In any experiment, changes to the dependent variable based on the manipulations of the independent variable are measured. When determining the action spectrum of a given plant, what is the independent variable and what is the dependent variable??
| A: independent = rate of O2 release in photosynthesis; dependent = wavelength? |
| B: ?independent = absorption of light; dependent = wavelength |
| C: independent = wavelength; dependent = rate of O2 release in photosynthesis? |
| D: independent = wavelength; dependent = absorption of light? |
| E: independent = rate of O2 release in photosynthesis; dependent = absorption of light? |
10: Which plant structure is responsible for gas exchange??
| A: stromal lamellae? |
| B: grana? |
| C: stomata? |
| ?D: stroma 11: In order to elucidate the Calvin cycle, Calvin and his colleagues used two-dimensional paper chromatography to analyze the presence of different molecules under different conditions. What did they conclude from the accumulation of RuBP when CO2 levels were low??
|
1.
__________ are fairly small organelles that provide a safe place within the cell to carry out certain biochemical reactions that generate harmful, highly reactive oxygen species. These chemicals are both generated and broken down in the same location.
| Lysosomes |
| Endosomes |
| Peroxisomes |
| Nucleosomes 2. Biologists cannot possibly study all living species. Instead, they try to understand cell behavior by studying a select subset of them. Which of the following characteristics are useful in an organism chosen for use as a model in laboratory studies?
|