BIOL 1F25 Lecture Notes - Allele Frequency, Genotype Frequency, Genetic Drift

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ceruleanshark734

8 Jan 2013

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Individuals do no evolve; populations do: a population is a group of individuals of a single species that live and interbreed in a particular geographic area at the same time. Most populations are genetically variable: nearly all populations have genetic variation for many characters. Evolutionary change can be measure by allele and genotype frequencies: allele frequencies are usually estimated in locally interbreeding groups, Mendelian populations, within a geographic population of a species: allele frequency = p = (number of copies of the allele in the pop. The genetic structure of a population does not change over time if certain conditions exist. Deviations from hardy-weinberg equilibrium show that evolution is occurring: the patterns of deviation from hardy-weinberg equilibrium can help us identify specific mechanisms of evolutionary change. Gene flow may change allele frequencies: migration of individuals and movements of gametes between populations, gene flow, are common. Does change allele frequencies and often results in adaptations.

Related Questions

What is NOT a requirement for evolution by natural selection to occur?

a) Traits must be inherited

b) Traits must influence reproductive success

c) Inherited traits must have variation within the population

d) Characteristics that are favored (fitness) relate to the immediate environment

e) Variations will appear that will allow the survival of the species in future, unforeseen, circumstances.

Charles Darwin...

a) ... arrived at the idea of natural selection in the GalÃ¡pagos Islands.

b) ... was the first scientist to suggest evolution.

c) ... claimed that only aggressive and strong individuals would survive and reproduce.

d) ... with Alfred Wallace, published a mechanism for adaptive change, natural selection, and proposed a "tree of life".

e) ... argued that chimpanzees and gorillas were progressively evolving into human beings.

Which statement about evolution by natural selection isfalse?

Natural selection allows organisms with higher fitness toreproduce more successfully.

Natural selection favors those traits that confer higherfitness in the environment.

Natural selection is a random change in characteristics of apopulation over generations.

Evolution by natural selection affects populations oforganisms, not individual organisms.

An organism's fitness depends on its _____.

ability to survive and reproduce

ability to swap genetic material with other organisms

physical size

ability to mutate

population

Consider the heavily armored stickleback fish population thatcolonized the lake. If all the individuals in that population weregenetically identical, what do you predict would happen when theycolonized the freshwater lake?

The population would increase, as it has increased foodresources.

The population would evolve through natural selection to bebetter adapted to its environment.

The population would decrease due to more juvenile fish beingeaten.

No answer text provided.

Which of the following are adaptations?

Thicker beaks on finches that allows them to eat large seeds,when large seeds are the most abundant.

Less armor on stickleback fish in freshwater that allows themto grow faster to avoid predation.

More armor on stickleback fish in the ocean that prevents themfrom being eaten by larger predators.

None of the above.

All of the above.

olivemink746

Describe the theory of natural selection Which of thefollowing BEST describes the theory of natural selection? CHOOSEONE

	1 The genetic make-up of apopulation gradually changes from one generation to the next.
	2 Living organisms change overtime.
	3 Each species produces many moreoffspring than can survive long enough to reproduce. The offspringthat do survive contain genes that are inherited from theparents.
	4 There is variation among themembers of a species. Some of this variation is geneticallydetermined and so can be passed on to future generations.
	5 Some individuals have genes thatincrease their chances for survival and reproduction. Theseindividuals are more likely to reproduce and pass on their genes,causing their genes to become more common in the nextgeneration.
	6 There is a struggle for existenceamong the members of a population.

amberleopard326

BIOL 1F25 Lecture Notes - Allele Frequency, Genotype Frequency, Genetic Drift

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