BIOL 1F25 Lecture 5: Cancer - Lecture 1

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aquamarinebadger428

19 Oct 2016

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Document Summary

There is a lot of information and misinformation about cancer. How do you assess whether or not this information is valid. If you have a relative who diagnosed with cancer, it is not their fault, because while we can change the probability of developing cancer to a certain extent, we cannot prevent it altogether. Cancer is a group of related diseases with multiple pathways to development. Cancer is a group of disease that increases as a function of age. 85% - 90% of cancers are not hereditary, however there still are some that are passed down. The leading cause of potential years of life lost is cancer, followed by heart and respiratory disease. The longer the life-span, the greater the chance of cancer development. 44% of all males will develop cancer, and 28. 5% will die from cancer, prostate is the most common, followed by lung cancer. 3 most common cancers in females: breast cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer.

Related Questions

Water and Minerals

COLLAPSE

This discussion requires knowledge of the material from the chapter and research from online databases or valid research sources. This is truly an excellent learning experience for all of us.

Cancer and Chronic Disease (parkinson's, alzeimers, MS, CVD, auto-immune etc) are words that scare most of us. Certainly when it comes to prevention research shows that smoking, excessive alcohol use, exposure to toxins, obesity, poor diet, lowered immunity, inflammation are all implicators. We can definitely reduce our risk with good lifestyle choices (not smoking, normal BMI, etc.) and that includes dietary choices. There is quite a bit of research and debate about which minerals are beneficial for cancer and/or disease prevention (if at all) and research changes often. You can also focus on water, this will probably lead you down a track to discussing the effects of certain pollutants in the water supply. In any case we are going to find that research and share the knowledge!

This week, for your original posting, find a scholarly based article, professional journal article, original research from grey literature (www.greylit.org) or well respected organization/association research on diet and cancer or chronic disease prevention. This could include the presence of minerals, as supplements or from food, or something related to the water supply and cancer/chronic disease prevention, special diet for cancer/chronic diseases prevention etc. It can be specific to a particular type of disease or cancer or more general. If you select a chronic disease, select one specific one. We are on the minerals chapter, so I would like to see research focused on a mineral or that includes a mineral or multiple minerals. (for example though, don't research a high protein diet as that is a macronutrient).

What to consider:

1. Two wasy to navigate sources for you: get on Google scholar: https://scholar.google.com or for non-published research you can query: www.greylit.org OR have the MC librarian direct you to the various databases you have access too (you can call MC library and they will help you if you are fully online and don't want to go in). Absolutley NO wikipedia, livestrong or webmd, Mayo type sites. You can start here for topic ideas but look further! We are looking for scholarly research. Professional organizations are also a good place as well (for instance, I am interested in digestive conditions, and utilize the American Gastroenterological Association site which links to their journal).

2. find something you are interested in and use that as the basis of your search. This could be information from chapter 8. Also remember, it does not just have to be cancer, you can select any chronic condition you are interested in and see if there is research related to vitamins, minerals or phytochemicals.

3. **In many cases on Google Scholar you can see several version of an article and often you can access a free PDF version of the full article. If NOT, call the MC library and ask for our college log on and see if we have rights to the article. They may have given this info to you but I have found most students have to ask. OR the MC library will actually retrieve the full text article for you and email you the PDF, utilize the librarians!! They love it. **do NOT pay to purchase a full text article online! Utilize the MC library!!

3. If you find an article of interest in a regular magazine or paper (print or online) like Health magazine online, New York times, Wall street journal etc. and you like it, then at the END of the article or referenced IN the article will be information on the original research where the writer got the information. You can discuss the general article in your research but also find the original scholarly article online! **include both in your original posting as attachments or links.

For your original posting:

1. in the Subject box put the topic you researched i.e. lead contaminated water and the effects of cognitive development

2. Then post your article (and include either a link or preferabley the pdf or word doc so we can see the entire article). and also provide a detailed summary of the information you read about and if you agree or disagree with the information. Also discuss why you selected this particular article. **document the source appropriately, I am not concerned if you use APA or MLA.

3.**IMPORTANT, for full points YOU are summarizing what the article/research study said in your own words and discussing merits, issues, if you agree, disagree etc. I am having you attach the article/research study you referenced instead of just a works cited info so others in the class can access the information as well. **you are not cutting and pasting the abstract!!

lavendergoat19

Jeff (age 38) and John (Jeff's 18 year old son) are seeking theadvice of a genetic counselor after a family member was recentlydiagnosed with Huntington disease, a progressive and fatal nervoussystem disorder that manifests itself when individuals aregenerally between age 30 and age 50. If Jeff has inherited the genefor Huntington disease, then there is a 50% probability that he haspassed along the gene to Jason. Jeff shows no symptoms of thedisease and he prefers not to know whether or not he has the gene.However, John, who recently became engaged to his girlfriend wantsto know whether or not he possesses the gene for Huntingtondisease. If John is found to carry the gene, it means that Jeffalso has the gene. Jeff and John are very close, and John knowsthat he would be unable to conceal his test results from hisfather.

Discussion Questions:

1. Do you believe that John has a right to know whether or nothe carries the Huntington's disease gene despite Jeff's wishes toremain uninformed about his own status? Instead of just stating'yes' or 'no,' be sure to explain your answer.
2. Does Jeff have the right not to know his status?
3. Would you want to know or not know? Why or why not?
4. What are the signs/symptoms and complications of Huntington'sdisease?

As always, post a minimum of three times. Answer the questionsin your first posting and respond to your classmates in your otherpostings.

Related Information: The process of testing for suspectedgenetic defects before administering treatment is called geneticdiagnosis by genetic testing. In some cases in which a geneticdisease is present in an individualâs family, family members may beadvised to undergo genetic testing. For example, mutations in theBRCA genes may increase the likelihood of developing breast andovarian cancers in women and some other cancers in women and men. Awoman with breast cancer can be screened for these mutations. Ifone of the highrisk mutations is found, her female relatives mayalso wish to be screened for that particular mutation, or simply bemore vigilant for the occurrence of cancers. Genetic testing isalso offered for fetuses (or embryos with in vitro fertilization)to determine the presence or absence of disease-causing genes infamilies with specific debilitating diseases

Samantha and Dave are expecting their first child. They areexcited for the baby to arrive, but they are nervous as well. Willthe baby be healthy? Will they be good parents? In addition tothese big concerns, it seems like there are a million decisions tobe made. Will Samantha breastfeed or will they use formula? Willthey buy a crib or let the baby sleep in their bed?

Samantha goes online to try to find some answers. She finds awebsite from an author who writes books on parenting. On this site,she reads an article that argues that children should not be givenmany of the standard childhood vaccines, including the measles,mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine.

The article claims that the MMR vaccine has been proven tocause autism and gives examples of three children who came downwith autism-like symptoms shortly after their first MMR vaccinationat one year of age. The author believes that the recent increase inthe incidence of children diagnosed with autism-spectrum disordersis due to the fact that the number of vaccinations given inchildhood has increased.

Samantha is concerned. She does not want to create lifelongchallenges for her child. Besides, arenât diseases like measles,mumps, and rubella basically eradicated by now? Why should she riskthe health of her baby by injecting him with vaccines for diseasesthat are a thing of the past?

Once baby James is born, Samantha brings him to thepediatricianâs office. Dr. Rodriguez says James needs some shots.Samantha is reluctant, and shares what she has read online. Dr.Rodriguez assures Samantha that the study that originally claimed alink between the MMR vaccine and autism has been found to befraudulent, and that vaccines have repeatedly been demonstrated tobe safe and effective in peer-reviewed studies.

Although Samantha trusts her doctor, she is not fullyconvinced. What about the increase in the number of children withautism and the cases where symptoms of autism appeared after MMRvaccination?

Samantha has a tough decision to make, but a betterunderstanding of science can help her. In this chapter, you willlearn about what science is (and what it is not), how it works, andhow it relates to human health.

As you read this chapter, think about the followingquestions:

What do you think about the quality of Samanthaâs onlinesource of information about vaccines compared to Dr. Rodriguezâssources?

Do you think the arguments presented here that claim that theMMR vaccine causes autism are scientifically valid? Could there bealternative explanations for the observations?

Why do you think diseases like measles, polio, and mumps arerare these days and why are we still vaccinating for thesediseases?