PSYC 381 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Blood Sugar, Osteoporosis, Atorvastatin
26 May 2018
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Chapter 14
1. Describe the scenario provided by the book authors for the year 2030. What are the two major
issues facing the US? Are these issues different from the ones in your country? (pp. 533-536)
2. What are the key issues for health promotion as revealed in the trends? How is quality of life
related to health? What are the three key adaptive mechanisms for maintaining competence? (pp.
538-541)
3. What are the key strategies for health promotion and disease prevention? What are the four
levels of prevention? (pp. 541-543)
Some of the preventative strategies for maximizing successful aging and disease prevention are
as follows:
1. Adopt a health lifestyles and incorporate this into you daily routine
2. Stay active cognitively and keep an optimistic outlook and maintain interest in things
3. Maintain a social network and stay engaged with others
4. Maintain good economic habits to avoid financial dependency
- health care costs are increasing rapidly due to demographic shifts
- to support this shift and the changes that accompany it, a national initiative to improve the
health of all Americans through a coordinated and comprehensive emphasis on prevention has
been implemented
- there are three goals:
a) increase the length of healthy life
b) reduce health disparities among Americans
c) Achieve access to preventative services for all
- unfortunately this initiative did not produce universal results and this has led to a shift from a
focus that included only prevention to one that includes optimum health practices
AOA: administration on aging
- helps support a wide variety of programs including health risk assessments and screenings,
nutrion screening and education, physical fitness, health promotion programs on chronic
disabling conditions, home injury control, counselling regarding social services, ad follow up
health services
Levels of Prevention
1) Primary prevention:
- any intervention that prevents a disease or condition from occurring
Ex: immunizing against polio or the flu, practicing a healthy diet, controlling risk factors such as
smoking and cholesterol levels
2) Secondary Prevention
- instituted early after a condition has begun (but may have not been diagnosed) and before
significant impairment has occurred
- Examples include cancer and cardiovascular screening and routine medical physicals that test
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for other conditions
- this can help reduce the serverity of disease and may reduce mortality as a result of these
conditions
3) Tertiary Prevention
- involves efforts to avoid the development of complications or secondary chronic conditions,
maage the pain associated with the primary chronic condition, and sustain life through medical
intervention
- Examples include moving a bedridden individual to avoid sores, getting medical intervention,
getting a patient out of bed to improve mobility after surgery
- this is aimed at minimizing functional limitations
4) Quaternary Prevention:
- efforts specifically aimed at improving the functional capacities of people who have chronic
conditions
- focuses on functional limitations and disability components of the model
- Examples include cognitive interventions for people with Alzheimer’s disease, rehabilitation
programs after surgery
4. Describe the primary lifestyle factors that affect health promotion and disease prevention. (pp.
543-545)
There are two primary lifestyle factors that affect health promotion and disease prevention.
1) Exercise
2) A healthy diet – nutrtion
Programs that emphasize and promote the importance of disease prevention and healthy
lifestyles can help educate adults about food health care practices and help identify conditions
such as hypertension, high cholesterol levels, and elevated blood sugar levels which can all lead
to heart disease, stroke, and diabetes mellitus
Exercise:
- aerobic exercise can be very beneficial for adults as it places moderate stress on the heart by
maintaining a pulse rate between 60%-90% of the person’s maximum heart rate
- maximum heart rate can be calculated by subtracting your age from 220
- the minimum amount of time necessary for aerobic exercise depends on its intensity
- the lower your hear rate, the longer the exercise needs to occur for
- the higher your heart rate, the short the exercise period needs to be
- Examples include jogging, step aerobics, swimming, and cross-country skiing
- the advantages of exercising are endless:
a) physiological advantages:
- improved cardiovascular functioning
- lower blood pressure
- higher strength, endurance, flexibility an coordination
- improved maximum oxygen consumption
b) Psychological advantages:
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