IMED1003 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Acyltransferase, Pyrophosphate, Carnitine
IMED1003: Fatty Acid Oxidation Notes
Learning Outcomes:
-Have an understanding of the nomenclature of common fatty acids.!
-Describe the reactions in, regulation of & cellular location of β-oxidation.
-Appreciate that triglycerides are an efficient energy store.!
-Know the energy yield of fatty acid oxidation!
-Explain why ketone bodies are important & how they are formed. !
Fatty Acid Structure:
-Contains alkyl chain + terminal carboxyl group!
-Alkyl = CH2!
-Carboxyl = COOH/COO-!
-Basic formula if completely saturated = CH3-(CH2)n-COOH !
-Saturated = packed tightly in phospholipids!
-If unsaturated = up to 6 double bonds PER CHAIN (almost always cis-configuration)!
-Cis configuration = orientation of bonds!
-Albumin is the transport protein for FA!
-BETA OXIDATION = long chains, saturated FA chains!
Common FA table:
-Numerical symbol (second number of the ratio) is the number of double bond!
-The bracketed number tells you which carbon has the double bond!
Triglycerides:
-Energy not directly available!
-Triglycerides HYDROLYSED by LIPASE !
-= (breakdown of lipids) -> produces energy!
-More FA, means -> TG = store them for energy!
Catabolism of FA:
-3 phases!
1. Activation of FA!
-in cytosol!
2. Transport FA !
-into mitochondria!
3. Beta-oxidation!
-Successive removal of 2C units !
-Forms acetyl CoA!
PHASE 1:
-Activation of FA!
-Occurs in cytosol!
Document Summary
Have an understanding of the nomenclature of common fatty acids. Describe the reactions in, regulation of & cellular location of -oxidation. Appreciate that triglycerides are an e cient energy store. Know the energy yield of fatty acid oxidation. Explain why ketone bodies are important & how they are formed. Contains alkyl chain + terminal carboxyl group. Basic formula if completely saturated = ch3-(ch2)n-cooh. If unsaturated = up to 6 double bonds per chain (almost always cis-con guration) Albumin is the transport protein for fa. Beta oxidation = long chains, saturated fa chains. Numerical symbol (second number of the ratio) is the number of double bond. The bracketed number tells you which carbon has the double bond. = (breakdown of lipids) -> produces energy. More fa, means -> tg = store them for energy. Fa + coa + atp (acyl-coa synthetase) -> binds fa as fa-coa + amp (=2atp) + ppi (pyrophosphate) Energetically favorable because cleared phosphate from atp.
