ANHB3323 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Episodic Memory, Long-Term Potentiation, Apoptosis
3 Jun 2018
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LECTURE SIXTEEN: Stress Rewiring the Brain
Birth Weight and Adult Disease:
• Hypertension
• Type 2 diabetes
• Hyperlipidaemia
• Metabolic syndrome
• Ischaemic heart disease
• Osteoporosis
• Depression
Non-Communicable Disease:
• Rapid environmental and lifestyle changes pose a significant risk to
health
• Unparalleled rise in NCDs world wide
• Now rising in developing regions
• Major global economic threat
• Barrier to human development
• Most common NCDs → CVD, type 2 diabetes, obesity, allergies, asthma,
mental illnesses
Glucocorticoids:
• Released part of HPA axis
• Circadian rhythm and stress are positive feedback stimuli
• Affects release of CRH and ACTH
• Glucocorticoids have negative feedback on HPA axis
• Steroid hormones → easily pass through cell membrane
• Heat shock proteins usually surround hormone → is removed once
passed through cell
• Must dimerize with another activated receptor to exert
transcriptional/translational effects
• Receptors
o Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR)
o Glucocorticoid receptor (GR)
Glucocorticoid Actions:
• Stress response → acute vs. chronic
o Stimulation of glucose production
o Enhance blood pressure
o Changes in behavioral strategies
• Essential for fetal maturation in late gestation
• Problems occur with chronic exposure to glucocorticoids
11-b Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase:
• Enzyme
• 2 isoforms
o 11b-HSD1 → activates glucocorticoids
o 11b-HSD2 → inactivates glucocorticoids
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