LLB 130 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Well-Founded Relation, Prison Officer, Actus Reus
Week 3 – Homicide
Crimes act 1900, s 18
(a) Murder shall be taken to have been committed where the act of the accused or
thing omitted to be done, causing the death charged, was done or omitted with
reckless indifference to human life, or with intent to kill or inflict grievous bodily
harm upon some person, or done in an attempt to comit, or during or immediately
after the commission, by the accused, or some accomplice with him or her, of a
crime punishable by imprisonment for life or for 25 years
(b) Every other punishable homicide shall be taken to be manslaughter
Four categories of murder – s 18(1)
• Intent to kill
• Intent to cause GBH upon some person
• Reckless indifference to human life; and
• ostutie ude
The Victim
• V must be a human being who has been o alie Crimes Act s20
• And, is not dead: Human Tissues Act 1983 s33
Actus Reus for murder
• D must:
- By a voluntary act or omission (where there is a duty to act); and
- Cause the death of the V
AR
Act/Conduct
Circumstance
Consequence
1-3 heads of murder
Constructive murder
Act or omission that
is voluntary and
causes death
AR of base offence +
voluntary
act/omission
…
Death
When do you deal with voluntariness?
As part of the AR
find more resources at oneclass.com
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Document Summary
Intent to cause gbh upon some person: reckless indifference to human life; and, (cid:862)(cid:272)o(cid:374)st(cid:396)u(cid:272)ti(cid:448)e (cid:373)u(cid:396)de(cid:396)(cid:863) The victim: v must be a human being who has been (cid:858)(cid:271)o(cid:396)(cid:374) ali(cid:448)e(cid:859) crimes act s20, and, is not dead: human tissues act 1983 s33. By a voluntary act or omission (where there is a duty to act); and. Act or omission that is voluntary and causes death. Substantial or significant cause test r v smith [1959] 2 qb 35 at 42-43. Would a (cid:396)easo(cid:374)a(cid:271)le pe(cid:396)so(cid:374) ha(cid:448)e fo(cid:396)see(cid:374) v(cid:859)s death a(cid:396)isi(cid:374)g f(cid:396)o(cid:373) the (cid:272)o(cid:374)du(cid:272)t i(cid:374) (cid:449)hi(cid:272)h d engaged: royall v r (1991) 172 clr 378 at 399 (brennan j) (cid:862)but for(cid:863) test. Nb no longer: arulthilakan v the queen (2003) 203 alr 259 at [35], [57] An extraordinary occurrence: r v hallett [1969] sasr 141. Co(cid:374)structive (cid:373)urder (cid:894)(cid:858)felo(cid:374)y (cid:373)urder(cid:859)(cid:895: ar, (cid:858)(cid:271)ase (cid:272)(cid:396)i(cid:373)e(cid:859) a(cid:374)d, committed with the relevant temporality:
