BMS100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Osteoarthritis, Pubic Symphysis, Synovial Membrane
BMS100 Lecture 4- 09/03/17
Articulations and Movement
Anatomical position
standardized method of observing or imaging
the body that allows precise and consistent
anatomical references.
• The anatomical position is:
– standing upright
– facing the observer, head level
– eyes facing forward
– feet flat on the floor
– arms at the sides
– palms turned forward (ventral)
• ARTICULATE=JOINT
Anatomical terms
• Proximal – Towards the trunk
• Distal – Away from the trunk
• Superior – Towards the head (top)
• Inferior – Away from the head (bottom)
• Posterior/dorsal – Towards the back
• Anterior/ventral – Towards the front
• Medial – Towards the middle
• Lateral – Away from the midline
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BMS100 Lecture 4- 09/03/17
Body planes
• Planes are imaginary flat surfaces that are used to divide the body or organs into
definite areas
• Principal planes include:
– Sagittal
– frontal (coronal)
– transverse (cross-sectional or horizontal)
• Sections
– Flat surfaces resulting from cuts through body structures, named according
to the plane on which the cut is made
Movements
occurring in a plane, or about an axis
The axis is always perpendicular to the plane
The three different axis are
o Frontal
o Sagittal
o Vertical
Movements – Adduction/Abduction
Movement in a frontal plane occurs about a sagittal axis
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
BMS100 Lecture 4- 09/03/17
Movements – Flexion/Extension
Movement in a sagittal plane occurs about a frontal axis
Eg. Bicep curl, forward step in stride
Movements – Rotation
Movement in a transverse plane occurs about a vertical axis
Bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis (Medial or lateral rotation)
Eg. At ball & socket and pivot type joints
Movements – Circumduction
Movement of a distal end of a body part in a circle
Combination of flexion, extension, adduction and abduction
• Eg. Occurs at ball and socket, saddle, condyloid joints
Ball and
Socket joints:
Other movements
• Numerous basic foot movements
• Inversion/Eversion
– Common in ankle injuries
• Dorsi/plantar flexion
– Used in walking
– Strong groups of muscles involved
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Standardized method of observing or imaging the body that allows precise and consistent anatomical references: the anatomical position is: facing the observer, head level. Anatomical terms: proximal towards the trunk, distal away from the trunk, superior towards the head (top, posterior/dorsal towards the back, anterior/ventral towards the front, medial towards the middle. Body planes: planes are imaginary flat surfaces that are used to divide the body or organs into definite areas, principal planes include: Flat surfaces resulting from cuts through body structures, named according. Transverse (cross-sectional or horizontal) frontal (coronal: sections to the plane on which the cut is made. Combination of flexion, extension, adduction and abduction: eg. Type of soft tissue injury that involves the ligament and joint capsule. The point of connection between two bones or elements of a skeleton (especially if it allows motion) Not involved in movement, they are a structure. Structural classification: fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints, synovial joints.
