PS100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Fast Mapping, Pragmatics, Syntactic Bootstrapping
Psychology Lecture - Week 5
Early Childhood - Preschool to 6 years - Chapters 6 and 7
Learning Objectives
- To understand
Cognition, learning and language development
Impact of different parenting styles
Development of aggression
Impact of peer relationships
Importance of play
Gender-role development
Piaget - Pre-operational Stage (2-7 years)
- Symbolic representations
Pretend play
Language
- Object permanence = Conservation
- Start to internalise functional relationships
Cognitive Limitations
- Centration
Focussing on one aspect of an object
- Lack in abilities of
Concentration
Reversibility
- Classification
limited to basic level categories
- Animism
This is the belief that inanimate objects (such as toys and teddy bears) have human feelings and
intentions. By animism Piaget (1929) meant that for the pre-operational child the world of nature
is alive, conscious and has a purpose. Piaget has identified four stages of animism:
Up to the ages 4 or 5 years, the child believes that almost everything is alive and has a purpose.
During the second stage (5-7 years) only objects that move have a purpose. In the next stage (7-9
years), only objects that move spontaneously are thought to be alive. In the last stage (9-12
years), the child understands that only plants and animals are alive.
- Magical thinking
Egocentrism and theory of mind
- Egocentrism
- Confusing one’s own perspective with that of another’s
- Children under 8 lack theory of mind (Piaget)
- Wimmer and Perner (1983)
- Suggest earlier development of theory of mind
Moral Reasoning
- Piaget
Amoral
Heteronomous morality (4-5 years)
One sided
Imminent justice
Autonomous morality (10 years)
See rules as flexible
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- Later research
Evidence for earlier advancement
Language Development
- Rapid expansion of vocabulary
Fast mapping - mental process where a new concept is learned based only on a single exposure to a
given unit of information.
Syntactic bootstrapping - when children use verbs to express meaning
- Two word utterances
- Telegraphic speech - only essential words being expressed - basic nouns or adjectives
- Pragmatics of language
Use in context
- Conversational skills develop
Theories of Language Acquisition
Parenting Skills and Styles
- Individualistic cultures vs. collectivist cultures
Baumind (1971, 1991)
Longitudinal study
Naturalistic
Higher reality
Two dimensions
Warmth
Control
Outcomes of Parenting Styles
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Document Summary
Early childhood - preschool to 6 years - chapters 6 and 7. This is the belief that inanimate objects (such as toys and teddy bears) have human feelings and intentions. By animism piaget (1929) meant that for the pre-operational child the world of nature is alive, conscious and has a purpose. Up to the ages 4 or 5 years, the child believes that almost everything is alive and has a purpose. During the second stage (5-7 years) only objects that move have a purpose. In the next stage (7-9 years), only objects that move spontaneously are thought to be alive. In the last stage (9-12 years), the child understands that only plants and animals are alive. Confusing one"s own perspective with that of another"s. Children under 8 lack theory of mind (piaget) Fast mapping - mental process where a new concept is learned based only on a single exposure to a given unit of information.
