9470 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Rein, Formal System, Relate
21 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Introduction to Tourism & Events 9470
Week 9 – Tourism Development / Event Management
Discuss the implications of the destination cycle for tourism managers
• Tourism activities induce changes within a destination
• Integrating earlier concepts on impacts, markets, destinations and tourism products allows us to
examine the process of Destination Development
• The Theory of Destination cycle IMPLIES that Destinations experience predictable evolution and helps
o Identify where a destination is positioned on the destination cycle
o Appreciate implications for the future – to intervene or not
• The latter point implies that Destination cycle is theoretically NOT UNAVOIDABLE and therefore can
be REDIRECTED
• MANAGEMENT MEASURES can help realise ecologically and socio-culturally sustainable outcomes
Outline the destination cycle in the Butler sequence
• Butler (1980) developed S-shaped resort cycle model, called the Butler sequence (aka Tourism Areal
Life Cycle – TALC)
• Model proposes that UNDER FREE MAKKET AND SUSTAINED DEMAND CONDITIONS destinations tend
to experience five stages of growth:-
o Exploration
o Involvement
o Development
o Consolidation
o Stagnation
• ASSUMPTION OF THE MODEL: push factors create a sufficient level of demand to fuel the progression
of the Butler sequence
• Exploration
o Small numbers of visitors
o Allocentric visitors – drawn to regions because of its cultural/natural uniqueness
o Small revenue (no leakages because all tourist consumptions is local)
o Residents attitude is cordial – pre-euphoric (no tourism impacts yet)
• Involvement
o Local entrepreneurs begin to provide a limited amount of specialised services
o Increased number of mid-centric tourists
o A formal system of tourism development starts to kick in
o Internal – arise within the destination (proactive approach by locals towards development)
o External – originate outside the destination (WOM, high-profile event or construction)
• Development
o Rapid tourism growth and dramatic changes over a relatively short period of time
o Involvement with larger transnational companies – tourists from package tours
o Destination is fully integrated into tourism system
o Residents begin to feel apathetic and annoyed
o Aspects of local culture become more commodified
• Consolidation
o Total amount of activity increases but decline in growth of arrivals
o Carrying capacities exceeded = overcrowded
o Quality of products & tourism and resident experience all in decline
o Locals become antagonistic or resigned
o Overwhelming dependency on tourism
o Negative WOM
• Stagnation
o Peak/Stable visitor numbers
o Surplus capacity – heightened discounting, deterioration and bankruptcies
o Destination is perceived as ‘out of fashion’
o The following stages can either be decline or rejuvination
Critique the Butler sequence
• Sequence criticised for determinism – that stages are inevitable
Document Summary
Week 9 tourism development / event management. Discuss the implications of the destination cycle for tourism managers. Integrating earlier concepts on impacts, markets, destinations and tourism products allows us to examine the process of destination development. The theory of destination cycle implies that destinations experience predictable evolution and helps. Identify where a destination is positioned on the destination cycle: appreciate implications for the future to intervene or not. The latter point implies that destination cycle is theoretically not unavoidable and therefore can be redirected: management measures can help realise ecologically and socio-culturally sustainable outcomes. Outline the destination cycle in the butler sequence: butler (1980) developed s-shaped resort cycle model, called the butler sequence (aka tourism areal. Life cycle talc: model proposes that under free makket and sustained demand conditions destinations tend to experience five stages of growth:, exploration. Stagnation: assumption of the model: push factors create a sufficient level of demand to fuel the progression of the butler sequence.
