PSYC1030 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Terrycloth, Dependency Theory, Attachment Theory
Lecture 6 – 28th August
Part A
Attachment - The “iee of Loe?
• Lifelog affetioate od to aother idiidual = loe
• Baies loe their others…Wh?
Dependency theory
A baby loves his mother because she satisfies his physiological needs
➢ Needs = food, clean nappy, shelter, etc.
➢ Person providing these needs becomes associated with drive reduction, pleasure, and
comfort
• Critiis: Cupoard loe
Lorezs Geese: Ipritig
• Imprinting – Early following behaviour on first object that infants encounter – Occurs before
first feeding
• Why imprint?
o Protection
o Nourishment
o Support for exploration
o Form of social bond?
Lorezs Geese: Critial Period
• Critical period
o Limited time when a particular stimulus has a profound effect on the organism
• Maximum ~ 36 hours for Lorezs geese
Challeges to the Depede theor ~ Harlos Mokes ~
• Harr Harlos studies o rhesus okes
o Infant monkeys raised in isolation
o To tpes of surrogate us
1. Wire feeding mother
2. Terry-cloth mother
Terry-cloth mum vs. Wire feeding mum
• Terry-cloth mum > Wire feeding mum
o Attahet ia otat ofort
o Terry-cloth mum as safe haven & secure base
o Isolates without cloth mum showed bizarre behaviour
Effects of Isolation on Monkeys
• Isolates re-introduced to groups were disturbed
• Aggressive
• Loners
• Socially incompetent
o Males unable to mate
o Mated females were incompetent mothers
Challenges to the Dependency theory ~ Orphanage system ~
• Poor physical, psychological, and intellectual outcomes
Alternative to Dependency theory: Attachment theory
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
… the ifat ad oug hild should epeiee a a, itiate, ad otiuous elatioship ith
his mother (or permanent mother substitute) in which both find satisfaction and enjoyment -- John
Bowlby
Dependency theory vs. Attachment theory
• Attachment theory
o Infant motivation: Safety & security
o Attachment figure
▪ “afe hae for protetio
▪ “eure ase for eploratio
o Attachment endures throughout the lifespan
Patterns of Attachment
• Ainsworth studied quality of relationships between infants and mothers
o Strange Situation
o Home observations
Strange Situation Procedure
• Parent and infant visit unfamiliar laboratory
1. Infant becomes comfortable with the room and experimenter
2. Infant left alone in the room
3. Parent returns
• How do infants behave?
Patterns of Attachment
A. Insecure-Avoidant 15 – 20% infants
B. Secure ~ 60% infants
C. Insecure-Anxious 15 – 20% infants
Patters of Attahet: B = “eure
• About 60% of infants in Western cultures
• Infant uses mum as secure base
o Explores room after warm up period
o Distressed at separation
o Seeks contact at reunion
o Mum > stranger
Patters of Attahet: A = Iseure-Avoidant
• About 15 – 20% of infants in Western cultures
• Infant tends to ignore mum
o Explores freely
o No distress at separation
o No proximity seeking at reunion
o Sometimes stranger > mum
Patters of Attahet: C = Iseure-Anxious
• About 15 – 20% of infants in Western cultures
• Ifat ofte at ope i strage situatio
o Little exploration; tend to cling to mum
o Prone to hysteria at separation
o Aggressive on reunion
… diffeet epeiees i iteatio ith the othe ae lagel esposile fo the ualitatie
diffeees i ifatothe attahet -- Mary Ainsworth
Maternal Characteristics: Home observations
• Mothers of securely-attached (B) infants
o More likely to be sensitive, emotionally expressive, and flexible
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
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