PHRM3041 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Genotyping, Blastocyst, Pronucleus
Document Summary
In vitro assays immortalised cells in culture. In vivo assays drug testing on animals: species used in vivo research frog, fruit fly, fish, pig, cat, mouse, rat, monkey, etc. Wildtype (wt)/non-gm does not contain an intentional genetic modification. Genetically-modified (gm) contains an intentional genetic modification (e. g. transgene insertion/deletion/mutation: examples analysing the effect of a gene on intestinal homeostasis by comparing wt animals to. Knockout animals animals engineered to have the gene-of-interest deleted in the intestinal knockout animals epithelia. Pure background obtained by brother-sister matings or offspring-parent matings. Disadvantages inbreeding issues; narrow representation of realistically wide genetic variation. Animals in research what they can be used for: Gm mice (with drug target knocked out) in behavioural assays. Models of disease to aid research: e. g. cancer models, parkinson"s disease. Example 1 overexpression of tumour promoter. Example 2 inject human tumour cells into immunocompromised mouse.
