PHRM3031 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Systematic Review, Troponin
Document Summary
Analytical validity does the test accurately measure what it sets out to measure: e. g. does a troponin test accurately measure troponin blood levels. Clinical validity is what is being measured adequately correlated with a worthwhile clinical outcome: e. g. do troponin levels adequately predict myocardial infarction. Clinical utility does use of the test improve patient outcomes: e. g. does early identification of myocardial infarction with troponin reduce mortality. Self-selection bias people who undergo screening can be different to those who do not and this can affect their disease outcomes. Length time bias screening may selectively identify people who will have the disease for longer. Bias due to improved treatment if treatment has improved at that same time that screening has been implemented, the benefits of treatment can be mistaken for the benefits of screening. Non-randomised controlled or follow-up study with sufficient numbers. Rcts, nested case-control studies, n-of-1 studies or observational study with large effect. Rare systematic review of rcts or n-of-1 study.
