MGTS1601 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Selective Perception, Stereotype
MGTS1601 Lecture 9 – Perception and decision making
*Perception
- is the process by which individuals organise and interpret their sensory
impressions in order to give meaning to their environment
- people rarely act according to their perception, eg, the ase of Fake News
*Individual perception- making judgment about others
1) Attribution theory: when individual observe behaviour, they attempt to
determine whether it is internally or externally caused
a) Distinctiveness: different behaviours in different situations
b) Consensus: response is the same as others to same situation
c) Consistency: response is the same way over time
- Attribution error 1: is that underestimate the influence of external factors
and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgment to
others. Eg, we tend to blame other first not under the situation
- Attribution error 2: the tendency for individual to attribute their success to
internal factors while putting blame for failure on external factors. Eg, student
said they did not do well in the exam not because they did not study hard
(internal factor) but the questions were too hard (external factor)
2) Rational decision-making model: refers to how individual should act in
order to maximise the outcome
Model Assumptions: problem clarity/known options/clear preferences
/constant preferences/no time or cost constraints/maximum payoff
*Shortcut of judging others
1) Selective perception: people tend to selectively interpret what we see in
our basis of interest, background and past experience and attitudes
2) Halo Effect: drawing a general impression about an individual only based on
the single characteristic
) Contrast Effet: evaluation of one’s harateristi are affected by the
comparisons with other people who recently encountered on higher or lower
ranking on the same chracteristic
) Projetion: attriuting one’s harateristi to other people
5) Stereotyping: judging individual based on the perception to certain group
that person belongs to
Common Biases and Errors:
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