MEDI7212 Lecture Notes - Lecture 86: Steatorrhea, Ophthalmoscopy, Jaw Jerk Reflex
Document Summary
General: assess state of wellbeing (sick, under- or over- nourished, dysmorphism. Measurements weight, height, head circumference: bmi, waist circumference (adolescents, mid-upper arm circumference, skin folds (risk of growth failure) Short stature - nutritional deficiency, trisomy 21 or turners, skeletal dysplasias, metabolic disorders, endocrinopathies (hypothyroidism, Cushings), iatrogenic (craniospinal irradiation for malignancy: tall stature - klinefelter, marfan, gigantism, thyrotoxicosis, beckwith- Slow rr - toxin or poisoning: temp, tympanic, axilla, rectum (avoid oral until 6yo) Joint motion, symmetry, heat, tenderness, swelling, muscle bulk. Limb-length discrepancy: neural tube defect, asymmetry - lumbar hyperlordosis, hyperkyphosis, scoliosis, masses. Skin lesions: colour - pallor, plethora, jaundice, carotinaemia, hemorrhage - ecchymoses, petechiae, purpura, peripheral stigmata of systemic disease - spider naevia, telangiectasia. Skin: bruising, eczema, haemangiomas (benign, vascular tumours, caf -au-lait spots (neurofibromatosis type i) Skull - bony lumps, soft tissue lumps, fontanelles. Shape - broad or round, asymmetry, coarse features, midface hypoplasia with fetal alcohol syndrome, absent expression.
