BIOM3010 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Orthostatic Hypotension, Neurogenic Shock, Pulse Pressure
Document Summary
Lecture 14 cardiovascular physiology for pharmacy (hypotension, haemorrhage and shock) Accepted definition of < 90 mmhg sbp and < 60 mmhg dpb. Types of hypotension and things that cause it: orthostatic hypotension. Dizziness or fainting from excessive decrease in blood pressure that occurs when a person stands up, resulting in reduced blood flow to the brain: hypovolaemia. Bleeding, severe vomiting, diarrhoea, excessive sweating, polyuria (e. g. untreated diabetes of addison"s disease), dehydration; especially in aged patients and early pregnancy. Ageing, spinal cord damage, diabetes, addison"s disease, atherosclerosis: reduced myocardial contractility. Cardiac disease, arrhythmias; valve disease: **drugs** Vasodilators nitrates, ccb, acei, arbs, alpha 2 agonists, alpha 1 blockers, anti- Parkinson"s disease drugs, antidepressants: alcohol and other. Alcohol, overheating, fever, septicaemia (infection), anaphylaxis (allergy) vasodilation. Nutritional deficits e. g. in vitamin b12 (anaemia) Clinical scenarios resulting in inadequate perfusion of tissues and organs (reduced arterial pressure levels: results in deterioration in the function of vital organs life threatening!
