ARTS1811 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Northern Hemisphere, Socalled, Green Climate Fund

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cyanalpaca20

11 Nov 2018

School

UNSW, UNSW Sydney

Department

Disciplinary and Interdisciplinary Humanities

Course

ARTS1811

Professor

Carolien Van Ham

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Document Summary

Understanding climate change: define climate change and explain the existence of scientific consensus. and ice sheets occurring over time scales of decades or longer. Change in the statistical properties of the climate system that persists for several decades or longer, usually at least 30 years. Change over 20th century include: changes in global average air and temperature, widespread melting of snow and ice, rising global sea levels, extra heat has affected atmospheric and motion circulation which influences rainfall and wind pattern. Scientific evidence human activities have increased greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere: human induced drivers of climate change have been much larger than natural drivers over the last century. greenhouse gases are the highest in history. The intergovernmental panel on climate change (ipcc) 5th report (2014) (cid:494)(uman influence on climate system is clear, and recent anthropogenic emissions of impacts on human and natural systems.

Related Questions

Tiny solid and liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere are called aerosols. Windblown dust, sea salts, volcanic ash, smoke from wildfires, and pollution from factories are all examples of aerosols. Depending upon their size, type, and location, aerosols can either cool the surface, or warm it. They can help clouds to form, or they can inhibit cloud formation. And if inhaled, some aerosols can be harmful to people's health.

These maps show average monthly aerosol amounts around the world based on observations from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA's Terra satellite. Satellite measurements of aerosols, called aerosol optical thickness, are based on the fact that the particles change the way the atmosphere reflects and absorbs visible and infrared light. An optical thickness of less than 0.1 (palest yellow) indicates a crystal clear sky with maximum visibility, whereas a value of 1 (reddish brown) indicates very hazy conditions.

High aerosol amounts are linked to different process in different places and times of year. High aerosol amounts occur over South America from July through September. This pattern is due to land clearing and agricultural fires that are widespread across the Amazon Basin and Cerrado regions during the dry season. Aerosols have a similar seasonal pattern in Central America (March-May), central and southern Africa (June-September, and Southeast Asia (January-April).

In other cases, however, aerosol concentrations are not related to fires. For example, from May through August each year, aerosol amounts rise dramatically around the Arabian Peninsula and nearby oceans due to dust storms. Elevated aerosol amounts nestle at the foothills of the Himalaya Mountains in northern India in some months, and linger over eastern China for much of the year. These elevated aerosol amounts are due to human-produced air pollution.

What is the most likely source of the high concentration of particulates that appear off the coast of northwestern Africa?

What is the most likely source of the high concentrations of particulates over central Africa and central South America?

What is the most likely source of the high concentrations of particulates over eastern China?

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ARTS1811 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Northern Hemisphere, Socalled, Green Climate Fund

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