BABS1201 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Peptide Bond, Transfer Rna, Release Factor

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champagnegrasshopper321

9 Aug 2018

School

UNSW, UNSW Sydney

Department

Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences

Course

BABS1201

Professor

All

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Document Summary

Lecture 16 - 30/04/18 - gene expression 2: translation. Three anti codons dont code for amino acids - they code for start/stop codons. The protein sythesis factory is the ribosome: the ribosome is composed of 2 subunits, protein, rna. It has sites for binding trnas: the a and p sites, the a site is for aminoacyl-trnas, the p site is for peptidyl-trnas. Translation: initiation: the small subunit binds the mrna and the initiator trna, the large subunit then binds with the initiator trna in the p site. Codon recognition - energy required - gtp gdp: 2. Peptide bond formation - doesnt require energy: 3. Translocation - energy required - gtp gdp. These processes are sufficiently distinct in prokaryotes vs eukaryotes that it is possible to specifically inhibit them. In prokaryotes, control of gene expression occurs at the level of transcription, i. e wether a gene is transcribed or not. Summary of control of gene expression in eukaryotes.

Related Questions

What are some of the longterm consequences of a mutation in the aminoacyl tRNA synthetase?

What end of the transfer RNA has the amino acid associated with it?

What is the importance of the leader sequence in the messenger RNA? What does the leader sequence do regarding translation? What is itâs role in transcription after the RNA has been created

What is the alternative name for charging the amino acid? What does this name signify?

Is the entire mRNA used to create a polypeptide? Why or why not?

3. Describe the aminoacylation of a tRNA reaction being careful to include information about how one particular amino acid is attached to a particular tRNA.

4. All of the following steps are part of the process of gene expression in eukaryotes. Number them toreflect the approximate order in which each occurs during this process.
a) Introns are removed from the original transcript of the gene.

b) A 5â cap is added onto the mRNA.

c) A specific aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase charges Val-tRNA.

d) Val-tRNA enters the A site of the ribosome.

e) The mRNA is cleaved near the poly(A) site in its 3â UTR.

f) A translation release factor binds to the stop codon.

g) RNA polymerase II initiates mRNA synthesis

h) The mRNA is transported out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm.

i) An activator protein binds to an enhancer.

Please please please I reallly need help with the following 5 questions.

Question 1

Which of the following is responsible for directing the prokaryotic ribosome to the +1 start site:

	a.	the 3' UTR
	b.	the AUG codon
	c.	Kozak sequence
	d.	Okasaki fragment
	e.	Shine Dalgarno sequence

Question 2

In translation, mRNAs are READ in the:

	a.	5' to 3' direction and polypeptide chains are synthesized amino to the carboxyl ends
	b.	5' to 3' direction and polypeptide chains are synthesized carboxyl to the amino ends
	c.	3' to 5' direction and polypeptide chains are synthesized carboxyl to the amino ends
	d.	3' to 5' direction and polypeptide chains are synthesized amino to the carboxyl ends

Question 3

Which of the following terms describes a tRNA to which an amino acid has been added:

	a.	charged tRNA
	b.	activated tRNA
	c.	stimulated tRNA
	d.	hydrolyzed tRNA

Question 4

The ability of some tRNA to recognize more than one codon in mRNA is explained by which of the following:

	a.	a reading frameshift
	b.	a reading mistake
	c.	Redundancy Theory
	d.	Wobble Hypothesis

Question 5

One essential component in eukaryotic mRNAs recognized by translation initiation factors is the

	a.	TATA box
	b.	AUG initiation codon
	c.	7-methylguanosine cap
	d.	Shine-Dalgarno sequence

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BABS1201 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Peptide Bond, Transfer Rna, Release Factor

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