BABS1201 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Glycolysis, Heterotroph, Hydrolysis
28 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Metabolism I
Metabolism - the biology of energy transformations and energy exchanges within and between living
things and their environments
Metabolic processes
• All chemical reactions that occur in cells, tissues, organs and organ systems
• Catabolic reactions
o Transfer of energy from complex molecules to ATP
o The process by which a living organism obtains its energy and raw materials from nutrients
o Break down of molecules - release energy (exergonic/exothermic)
▪ Energy is released (overall energy of products is less than reactants)
▪ Glucose - amylase
▪ Proteins - promase
o
• Anabolism
o The processes by which energy and raw materials are used to build macromolecules and
cellular structures (biosynthesis)
o Build up reactions absorb or require energy
▪ Energy is added to reach activation energy
▪ Endergonic/endothermic
▪
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Enzymes and activation energy
• Bonds must be destabilised before any reaction can occur
• Activation energy must be reached to break the bond
• Enzymes reduce the activation energy, requires less energy for the reaction to occur
• Catalysts - speeds up the reaction without being consumed in the reaction
Enzyme function
• Works by binding with its substrate, the molecule whose reaction is catalysed
• active site - location on the enzyme where the substrate fits
•
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Enzymatic pathways
o Metabolic reactions consist of multiple stages, each requires its own enzyme
o The sequence of enzymatically-catalysed steps from a starting raw material to the final end
product is called an enzymatic pathway
o
Cofactors for redox reactions
o Cofactors increases an enzymes affinity for its substrate
o Attaches to the active site
o
Control of metabolism feedback inhibition
• Regulation - achieved by feedback inhibition
• Occurs when the end product of a reaction interferes with the enzyme that helped produce it
• The enzyme is deactivated using the product of the reaction
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Metabolism - the biology of energy transformations and energy exchanges within and between living things and their environments. Enzyme function: works by binding with its substrate, the molecule whose reaction is catalysed, active site - location on the enzyme where the substrate fits. Enzymatic pathways: metabolic reactions consist of multiple stages, each requires its own enzyme, the sequence of enzymatically-catalysed steps from a starting raw material to the final end product is called an enzymatic pathway. Cofactors for redox reactions: cofactors increases an enzymes affinity for its substrate, attaches to the active site. Control of metabolism feedback inhibition: regulation - achieved by feedback inhibition, occurs when the end product of a reaction interferes with the enzyme that helped produce it, the enzyme is deactivated using the product of the reaction. Inhibitor binds with the active site of the enzyme: occupies the active site, the enzyme cannot bind with the substrate.
