ACCT1501 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Internal Control, Income Statement, European Cooperation In Science And Technology

148 views5 pages

ceruleantrout402

15 May 2018

School

Department

Course

Professor

For unlimited access to Class Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

ACCT1501 Kristy

Chapter 9 Inventory

- Perpetual system: beginning inventory + inventory acquired during period – COGS = ending inv cost

o Inventory purchase is recorded as debits to inventory asset, COGS credited to the asset and DR to

COGS expense

o Internal control, stock shortage of inventory easily determined BUT v costly

o Sales – COGS – inventory shortage = gross profit

- Periodic method: beginning inventory DR + purchases DR – ending inventory CR = inventory sold COGS DR

(no need to report COGS during period using periodic method)

o Sales, COGS (opening inventory, purchases, COGS available for sale – ending inventory)

find more resources at oneclass.com

Unlock document

This preview shows pages 1-2 of the document.
Unlock all 5 pages and 3 million more documents.

Already have an account? Log in

ACCT1501 Kristy

- Nature of inventory (raw materials/stores, work in progress, finished g, land held for resale), tech, cost-benefit

- Inventory: measurement rule

o Lower of COST (cost of purchase + purchase price + taxes + transport costs + any other directly

attributable costs of acquisition (not selling/storage costs quod not incl in purchase costs) – trade

discounts – rebates etc)

o NET REALISABLE VALUE: estimated selling $P less costs to

- Cost flow assumption: FIFO (first acquired first sold), LIFO, weighted avg method

o Allocate available cost differently between b/s valuation and the expense in the income statement

- FIFO results in higher profit in times of rising prices (selling the lower costing g first- lowest COGS), closing

inventory balance closer to current cost (new items purchased) (ie for perishables)

o Assigns more recent purchase costs to inventory asset account + older costs to COGS expense

account

- LIFO: in times of rising prices, results lower value of ending inventory (higher COGS → lower profit (taxable

Y) → tax implication), does not match closing physical flow, closing inventory may not be relevant, not in

AUS, can underestimate A value

- Weighted avg: Q/P

o Assigns available cost equally to inventory asset and to COGS expense

- When prices are changing, each method provides different ending inventory and COGS value

- Sum of these two items always be the same

- Cost can either be an asset/expense

o Total cost = asset + expense

o At end of period: total cost = inventory on hand + COGS

find more resources at oneclass.com

Unlock document

This preview shows pages 1-2 of the document.
Unlock all 5 pages and 3 million more documents.

Already have an account? Log in

Document Summary

Perpetual system: beginning inventory + inventory acquired during period cogs = ending inv cost. Inventory purchase is recorded as debits to inventory asset, cogs credited to the asset and dr to. Internal control, stock shortage of inventory easily determined but v costly: sales cogs inventory shortage = gross profit. Nature of inventory (raw materials/stores, work in progress, finished g, land held for resale), tech, cost-benefit. Cost flow assumption: fifo (first acquired first sold), lifo, weighted avg method: allocate available cost differently between b/s valuation and the expense in the income statement. Lifo: in times of rising prices, results lower value of ending inventory (higher cogs lower profit (taxable: tax implication), does not match closing physical flow, closing inventory may not be relevant, not in. Weighted avg: q/p: assigns available cost equally to inventory asset and to cogs expense. When prices are changing, each method provides different ending inventory and cogs value. Sum of these two items always be the same.

Related Questions

1. How should the balances of Progress Billings and Constructionin Progress be shown at reporting dates prior to completion of along-term contract

a. Progress billings as income, construciton in progress asinventory

b. Net , as income from construction if credit balance, and lossfrom construction if debit balance

c. Progress Billings as deferred income, Construction inProgress as a current asset

d. Net, as a current asset if debit balance and currentliability if credit balance

3. the competed-contract method of accounting for long-termconstruction-type contracts is preferable when

a. a contractor is involved in numerous projects

b. the contracts are of a relatively long duration

c. estimates of costs to complete and extent of progress towardcompletion are reasonably dependable

d. there are inherent uncertainties in the contract beyondnormal business risks

4. C & J Construction has consistently used the percentageof completion method of recognizing income. Last year C & Jstarted work on a $4,500,000 constuction contract, which wascompleted this year, the accounting records desclosed the followingdata for the last year

Progress billings - $1,650,000

Costs incurred - 1,350,000

Collections - 1,050,000

Estimated cost to complete - 2,700,000

How much income should C & J have recognized on thiscontract last year?

a. 105,000

b. 150,000

c. 300,000

d. 350,000

6. The use of the gross profit assumes

a. the amount of gross profit is the same as in prior years

b. sales and cost of goods sold have not changed from previousyears

c. inventory values have not increased from previous years

d. the relationship between selling price and cost of goods soldis similar to prior years

7. the gross profit method of inventory valuation is not validwhen

a. there is substantial increase in the quantity of inventoryduring the year

b. there is substantial increase in the cost of inventory duringthe year

c. the gross margin percentage changes significantly during theyear

d. all ending inventory is destroyed by dire before it can becounted

8. When the current year's ending inventory amount isoverstated,

a. the current year's cost of goods sold is overstated

b. the current year's total assets are understated

c. the current year's net income is overstated

d. the next year's income is overstated

9. If the ending inventory balance is understated, net income ofthe same period

a. will be overstated

b. will be understated

c. will be unaffected

d. cannot be determined from the above information

10. An overstatement of ending inventory in Period 1 wouldresult in income of Period 2 being

a. overstated

b. understated

c. correctly stated

d. the answer cannot be determined from the informationgiven

11. what is the maximum amount at which inventory can be valuedwhen the goods have experienced a permanent decline in value

a. historical cost

b. sales price

c. net realizable value

d. net realizable value reduced by a normal profit margin

12. Net realizable value can be defined as

a. selling price

b. selling price less costs to complete and sell

c. selling price plus costs to complete and sell

d. acquisition cost plus costs to complete and sell

13. Miller company needs an estimate of its ending inventorybalance. The following information is available

Cost Retail

sales revenue - 180,000

beginning inventory - 35,000 62,000

net purchases - 100,000 135,000

gross margin percentage - 30%

Given this information, when using the gross margin estimationmethod, ending inventory is approx

a. 1,000

b. 9,000

c. 19,000

d. 11,650

14. Which of the following would not be reported asinventory?

a. land acquired for resale by a real estate firm

b. stocks and bonds held for resale by a brokerage firm

c. partially completed goods held by a manufacturing company

d. machinery acquired by a manufacturing company for use in theproduction process

15. Cost of goods sold is equal to

a. the cost of inventory on hand at the end of a period plus netpurchases minus the cost of inventory on hand at the beginning

b. the cost of inventory on hand at the beginning of a periodminus net purchases plus the cost of inventory on hand at the endof a period

c. the cost of inventory on hand at the beginning of a periodplus net sales minus the cost of inventory on hand at the end of aperiod

d. the cost of inventory on hand at the beginning of a periodplus net purchases minus the cost of inventory on hand at the endof a period

17. In a period of falling prices, the use of which of thefolliwng inventory cost flow methods would typically result inhighest cost of goods sold?

a. FIFO

b. LIFO

c. Weighted average cost

d. Specific identification

18. In a period of rising prices, the inventory cost allocationmethod that tends to result in the lowest reported net incomeis

a. LIFO

b. FIFO

c. Moving average

d. Weighted average

19. The LIFO inventory cost flow method may be applied to whichof the following inventory systems?

Periodic Perpetual

a. no no

b. no yes

c. yes yes

d. yes no

tanrabbit20

I need Adjusted Trial Balance and multi step Income statement to use this information.

Jones Widget Company (JWC) incorporated near the end of 2013. Operations began in January of 2014. JWC prepares adjusting entries and financial statements at the end of each month. The statements report monthly results for the period February 1-29, 2014.

Pertinent items of general information:
Beginning Balances from 1/31/14
Cash $33,620

Unearned Revenue (40 units) $6,000
Accounts Receivable $9,510

Accounts Payable (Jan Rent) $1,300
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $700

Notes Payable $18,000
Inventory (30 units) $2,730

Contributed Capital $15,000
Retained Earnings $4,860

â¢ JWC establishes a policy that it will sell inventory at $150 per unit.
â¢ In January, JWC received a $6,000 advance for 40 units, as reflected in Unearned Revenue.
â¢ JWCâs February 1 inventory balance consisted of 30 units at a total cost of $2,730.
â¢ JWCâs note payable accrues interest at a 10% annual rate.
â¢ JWC will use the FIFO inventory method and record COGS on a perpetual basis.

February Transactions
02/01 Included in JWCâs February 1 Accounts Receivable balance is a $2,000 account due from Kit Kat, a JWC customer. Kit Kat is having cash flow problems and cannot pay its balance at this time. JWC arranges with Kit Kat to convert the $2,000 balance to a note, and Kit Kat signs a 6-month note, at 12% interest. The principal and all interest will be due and payable to JWC on August 1, 2014.
02/02 JWC paid a $500 insurance premium covering the month of February. The amount paid is recorded directly as an expense.
02/05 An additional 150 units of inventory are purchased on account by JWC for $14,100 â terms 3/10, n30; FOB Destination.
02/10 Sales of 110 units of inventory occurred during the period of 02/07 â 02/10. The sales terms are 2/10, net 30.
02/15 The advance order for 40 units from January is delivered to the customer.
02/15 20 units of the inventory that had been sold on 2/10 are returned to JWC. The units are not damaged and can be resold. Therefore, they are returned to inventory. Assume the units returned are identified as being from the batch that was acquired on 02/05.
02/16 JWC pays the first 2 weeks wages to the employees. The total paid $1,500.
02/17 Paid in full the amount owed for the 02/05 purchase of inventory.
02/18 Wrote off a customerâs account in the amount of $700.
02/19 $2,600 of rent for January and February was paid. Because all of the rent will soon expire, the February portion of the payment is charged directly to expense.
02/19 Collected $4,000 on customersâ Accounts Receivable. Of the $4,000, the discount was taken by the customer on
$3,000 of the account balances.
02/21 A new inventory supplier that charges a lower price per unit is located. The new supplierâs terms are 2/15, n45; FOB Shipping Point. JWC purchases 50 units on account for $4,400.
02/22 JWC paid Federal Express $100 to have the 50 units of inventory delivered overnight. Delivery occurred on 02/22.
02/26 JWC recovered $400 cash from the customer whose account had previously been written off (see 02/18).
02/27 A $400 utility bill for February arrived. It is due on March 15 and will be paid then.
02/28 JWC declared and paid a $500 cash dividend.
02/28 Paid in full the amount owed for the 02/21 purchase of inventory.

Adjusting entries:
02/29 (adjusting 1) Record the $1,500 employee salary that is owed but will be paid March 1.
02/29 (adjusting 2) JWC decides to use the aging method to estimate uncollectible accounts. JWC determines 8% of the ending accounts receivable balance is the appropriate end of February estimate of uncollectible accounts.
02/29 (adjusting 3) Record February interest expense accrued on the note payable.
02/29 (adjusting 4) Record one monthâs interest earned Kit Katâs note (see 02/01)

beigelocust891

Answers to the 30multiple choice questions					2 points each, 30questions, for 60 point total
			60 points
	< please record	1)	From an internal control standpoint, the asset mostsusceptible to improper diversion and use is
	answer here	a.	prepaid insurance.
		b.	cash.
		c.	Equipment
		d.	Investments

		2)	Jolene is warehouse custodian and alsomaintains the accounting record of the inventory held at thewarehouse. An assessment of this situation indicates
		a.	documentation procedures are violated.
		b.	independent internal verification is violated.
		c.	segregation of duties is violated.
	< please record	d.	establishment of responsibility is violated.
	answer here
		3)	Internal control is defined, in part, as a planthat safeguards
		a.	all balance sheet accounts.
		b.	assets.
		c.	liabilities.
		d.	capital stock.

		4)	The control principle related to nothaving the same person authorize and pay for goods is known as
		a.	establishment of responsibility.
		b.	independent internal verification.
	< please record	c.	segregation of duties.
	answer here	d.	rotation of duties.

		5)	Two individuals at a retail store work thesame cash register. You evaluate this situation as
		a.	a violation of establishment of responsibility.
		b.	a violation of segregation of duties.
		c.	supporting the establishment of responsibility.
	< please record	d.	supporting internal independent verification.
	answer here
		6)	Having different individuals receive cash,record cash receipts, and hold the cash is an example of
		a.	establishment of responsibility.
		b.	segregation of duties.
		c.	documentation procedures.
		d.	independent internal verification.

		7)	An adjusting entry is not required for
		a.	outstanding checks.
		b.	collection of a note by the bank.
		c.	NSF checks.
		d.	bank service charges.

		8)	If a check correctly written and paid bythe bank for $591 is incorrectly recorded on the company's booksfor $519,
		the appropriate treatment on the bankreconciliation would be to
		a.	deduct $72 from the book's balance.
		b.	add $72 to the book's balance.
		c.	deduct $72 from the bank's balance.
		d.	deduct $591 from the book's balance.

		9)	During 2013, Parker Enterprises generatedrevenues of $60,000. The company's expenses were as follows:
			cost of goods sold of $30,000, operatingexpenses of $12,000 and a loss on the sale of equipment of$2,000.
		Parker's gross profit is:
		a.	$16,000.00
		b.	$18,000.00
		c.	$30,000.00
		d.	$60,000.00

		10)	A primary difference between a periodicand perpetual inventory system is that a periodic system:
		a.	determines the inventory on hand only at the end ofthe accounting period.
		b.	provides better control over inventories.
		c.	records the cost of goods sold after each saletransaction.
		d.	keeps a record showing the merchandise inventory onhand at all times.

		11)	A decline in a company's gross profitcould be caused by all of the following except:
		a.	selling products using a lower markup.
		b.	clearance of discontinued inventory.
		c.	paying lower prices to its suppliers.
		d.	increasing competition resulting in a lower sellingprice.

		12)	South Company uses the perpetual inventorysystem. South's goods in transit at December 31 include:
			Sales made by South	Purchases made by South
			(1) FOB destination	(3) FOB destination
			(2) FOB shipping point	(4) FOB shipping point
			Which itemsshould be included in South's inventory at December 31?
			a. (2) and (3)
			b. (1) and (4)
			c. (1) and (3)
			d. (2) and (4)

		13)	In periods of rising prices, the inventorymethod which results in the greatest net income is the:
		a.	LIFO method.
		b.	FIFO method.
		c.	Weighted Average method.
		d.	Lower of Cost or Market method.

		14)	The following information was available for RawleyCompany at December 31, 2008:
			inventory (Jan .01) $80,000; inventory (Dec. 31)$120,000; cost of goods sold $600,000;
			accounts receivable $73,000; and sales$900,000.
			Rawley's inventory turnover in 2008 was:
		a.	9.00 times.
		b.	7.50 times.
		c.	6.00 times.
		d.	5.00 times.

		15)	A petty cash fund of $200 is replenishedwhen the fund contains $5 in cash and receipts for $193.
		The entry to replenish the fund would:
		a.	credit Cash Over and Short for $2.
		b.	credit Miscellaneous Revenue for $2.
		c.	debit Cash Over and Short for $2.
		d.	debit Miscellaneous Expense for $2.

		16)	An item is considered material if
		a.	it doesn't costs a lot of money.
		b.	it is of a tangible good intended for re-sale.
		c.	it is likely to influence the decision of aninvestor or creditor.
		d.	the cost of reporting the item is greater than itsbenefits.

		17)	Receivables might be sold to
			a. lengthen the cash-to-cash operating cycle.
			b take advantage of deep discounts on the cashrealizable value of receivables.
			c. generate cash quickly.
			d. finance companies at an amount greater than cashrealizable value.

		18)	If the amount of uncollectible accountexpense is understated at year end:
		a.	net income will be understated.
		b.	stockholders' equity will be understated.
		c.	allowance for doubtful accounts will be overstated.
		d.	net accounts receivable will be overstated.

		19)	A debit balance in the Allowance for DoubtfulAccounts
		a.	is the normal balance for that account.
		b.	indicates that actual bad debt write-offs haveexceeded previous provisions for bad debts.
		c.	indicates that actual bad debt write-offs have beenless than what was estimated.
		d.	cannot occur if the percentage of sales method ofestimating bad debts is used.

		20)	Bad Debts Expense is considered
		a.	an avoidable cost in doing business on a credit basis.
		b.	an internal control weakness.
		c.	a necessary risk of doing business on a credit basis.
		d.	avoidable unless there is a recession.

		21)	The best managed companies will have
		a.	no uncollectible accounts.
		b.	a very strict credit policy.
		c.	a very lenient credit policy.
		d.	some accounts that will prove to be uncollectible.

		22)	Two methods of accounting for uncollectibleaccounts are the
		a.	allowance method and the accrual method.
		b.	allowance method and the net realizable method.
		c.	direct write-off method and the accrual method.
		d.	direct write-off method and the allowance method.

		23)	When the allowance method of accountingfor uncollectible accounts is used, Bad Debts Expense isrecorded
		a.	in the year after the credit sale is made.
		b.	in the same year as the credit sale.
		c.	as each credit sale is made.
		d.	when an account is written off as uncollectible.

		24)	Allowance for Doubtful Accounts on the balancesheet
		a.	is offset against total current assets.
		b.	increases the cash realizable value of accountsreceivable.
		c.	appears under the heading "Other Assets."
		d.	is offset against accounts receivable.

		25)	In reviewing the accounts receivable, thecash realizable value is $14,000 before the write-off of a $1,500account.
		What is the cash realizable value after thewrite-off?
		a.	$1,500
		b.	$12,500
		c.	$14,000
		d.	$15,500

		26)	The maturity value of a $60,000, 10%, 60-day notereceivable dated July 3 is
		a.	$60,000
		b.	$61,000
		c.	$66,000
		d.	$70,000

		27)	The interest on a $10,000, 10%, 1-year notereceivable is
		a.	$1,000
		b.	$10,000
		c.	$10,100
		d.	$11,000

		28)	The maturity value of a $60,000, 8%, 3-month notereceivable is
		a.	$60,400
		b.	$60,480
		c.	$61,200
		d.	$64,800

		29)	Notes receivable are recorded in the accounts at
		a.	cash (net) realizable value.
		b.	face value.
		c.	gross realizable value.
		d.	maturity value.

		30)	Which of the following are also called tradereceivables?
		a.	Accounts receivable
		b.	Other receivables
		c.	Advances to employees
		d.	Income taxes refundable

indigocoyote311

ACCT1501 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Internal Control, Income Statement, European Cooperation In Science And Technology

Document Summary

Get access

Related Questions