LSB384 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Abdominal Pain, Prednisone, Enteric Coating
Agents used for Diarrhoea, Constipation, Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Diarrhoea – usually short lived & self-limiting, from enteric infection; does not require
treatment (unless extremely old or young). Treatment: Replacement of fluids &
electrolytes; in severe (prolonged bacterial infections): anti-bacterial agents
Constipation – less than 3 stools / week; colon is absorbing too much water due to slow
movement through colon
IBS – intermittent cramps & constipation with alternating periods of diarrhoea
Loperamide
Opioids –
stimulate u-
receptors to
decrease
intestinal
motility
Poor penetrant
of CNS
Anti-
diarrheal
Most forms of
diarrhoea and
IBS
(diarrhoeal
periods)
Treatment (Constipation): Lifestyle changes (fibre-rich diet, decrease in fat intake,
increased intake of fluids but not diuretics, daily exercise)
1. Bulk-forming laxatives
2. Faecal softening agents
3. Stimulant (irritant) laxatives
4. Osmotic laxatives
Methylcellulose
(Cirtucel)
Bulk-forming
Laxatives
Poorly
fermented fibre
attracts water
to increase
stool bulk
(Fibre is
resistant to
enzymatic
degradation,
present to
colon
unchanged)
Stimulates
peristalsis &
eases
movement
Constipation
Psyllium Husk
Bulk-forming
Laxatives
Fermented by
colonic bacteria
→ increases
bulk
Produces short-
chain fatty
acids
(prokinetic)
Derived from
plantago
seed; used in
many
commercial
products
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Document Summary
Agents used for diarrhoea, constipation, inflammatory bowel disease. Diarrhoea usually short lived & self-limiting, from enteric infection; does not require treatment (unless extremely old or young). Treatment: replacement of fluids & electrolytes; in severe (prolonged bacterial infections): anti-bacterial agents. Constipation less than 3 stools / week; colon is absorbing too much water due to slow movement through colon. Ibs intermittent cramps & constipation with alternating periods of diarrhoea. Opioids stimulate u- receptors to decrease intestinal motility. Treatment (constipation): lifestyle changes (fibre-rich diet, decrease in fat intake, increased intake of fluids but not diuretics, daily exercise: bulk-forming laxatives, faecal softening agents, stimulant (irritant) laxatives, osmotic laxatives. Poorly fermented fibre attracts water to increase stool bulk (fibre is resistant to enzymatic degradation, present to colon unchanged) Derived from plantago seed; used in many commercial products. & fatty substances to mix with faecal material. Coats stool to prevent loss of water & absorption of fat soluble vitamins (a, d,
