PMH1011 Lecture 1: W1 - Intro PMH1011
29 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
PMH1011
INTRODUCTION TO MENTAL HEALTH IN
THE COMMUNITY
WEEK 1
Learning Outcomes :
•Define terms such as MH , MI, and MH literacy.
•Understand progression from institutionalisation to community-based MH and the historical
context in which these shifts occurred.
•Explain benefits and shortcomings of deinstitutionalisation (Putting deinstitutionalisation in
context)
•Understand need for MH services and how this need is met through the public MH system.
•Explain types of services available within the public MH system and the professionals who
provide these services.
•Outline barriers consumers face in accessing MH services.
MH, MI , AND MH LITERACY
Psychology : Scientific study of behaviour and mental processes.
Mental health (MH) : State of emotional and psychological wellbeing in which to :
•Use their cognitive and emotional capacities.
•Cope with everyday stresses.
•Work productively.
•Interact with their environment appropriately.
•Make contribution to their community.
•Satisfactory function in/adjust to society.
Not merely the absence of disease/disorder
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PMH1011
Mental Illness (MI) : any various conditions characterised by impairment of an individuals normal
cognitive, emotional or behavioural functioning.
•Causes distress/suffering to the individual or others.
•Results in difficulties functioning/significant disruptions to the individual’s life.
•Cannot be a once off thing.
•Caused by social, psychological, biochemical, genetic or other factors.
•Cause distress/suffering to the individual and/or others.
Mental vs physical illness :
•Comparable : something isn’t right you get ill.
•Both require care and treatment.
•With the right treatment, most people with a MI are able to live healthy, productive lives.
•However society more readily accepts physical illness.
•There is more stigma/discrimination related to mental illness.
•MH issues also interfere with how a person think, feels, and behaves, but to a lesser
extent than MI.
A - AFFECT
B - BEHAVIOUR
C - COGNITION
Mental health literacy : knowledge and beliefs about mental disorders, which aid their
recognition, management or prevention.
•Ability to recognise specific disorders
•Knowledge of how to seek out information about MH and treatment for MI.
•Knowledge of risk factors and causes of MI, as well as protective factors that promote MH.
•Knowledge of self-treatment and professional help available.
•Attitude that promote recognition and appropriate help seeking.
Institutionalisation : The action of establishing something as a convention or norm in an
organisation or culture.
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PMH1011
HISTORY FROM INSTITUTIONALISATION TO
COMMUNITY - BASED SERVICES
Time period
Explanation
Prehistoric times
(8000 BC - 500 BC )
-Attributed to supernatural of MI
-No understanding of why diseases occurred.
-Abnormal behaviour attributed to supernatural.
-Treatment included spells cast by Shamans, exorcism, and
trephination (drilling skull to release evil spirits)
-Relieve pressure to head haemorrhage (modern use of
trephination)
Ancient Greece
and beyond
(500 BC - 500 AD)
-Mental disturbances seen as an outcome of brain disease
-Numerous mental disorders were identified :
-Melancholia (depression) ; mania ; dementia ; hysteria ;
delusions ; hallucinations
-Physical origins
Middle ages and
Renaissance
(5th - 15th century)
-Bizarre thoughts and behaviours seen as evidence of demonic
possession or witchcraft
-Renaissance (17th century) - move towards institutional
confinement of those seen as “deviant” (most likely people
suffering from things such as epilepsy, criminals, poor or people
who have a mental disorder)
-Poorhouses, hospitals, prisons, lunatic asylums.
-Lack of humane treatment.
-Wasn’t seen as a priority that these people were treated.
Enlightenment
(17th - 18th
century)
-The age of reason (intellectual movement)
-Started gathering knowledge based on observation/facts
-“Madness” increasingly seen as having an organic basis.
-Mental disorder achieved status of an “illness”
-Medical classification systems began (nosologies :
classification system)
Change in how “mad” people were treated. Resort unity and return
the patient to society as a fully functioning, productive member of
society.
19th century
-Further progress in the classification of mental disorders.
-Emil Kraepelin (German psychiatrist) grouped together diseases
based on common patterns of symptoms over time.
-Kraepelin dichotomy:
-Manic depression (depression, bipolar disorder)
-Dementia praecox (premature dementia ; now :
schizophrenia)
-DSM - 5 and ICD-10 (predominantly used in Europe)
Time period
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Document Summary
Psychology : scienti c study of behaviour and mental processes. Institutionalisation : the action of establishing something as a convention or norm in an organisation or culture. Prehistoric times (8000 bc - 500 bc ) Treatment included spells cast by shamans, exorcism, and trephination (drilling skull to release evil spirits) Relieve pressure to head haemorrhage (modern use of trephination) Ancient greece and beyond (500 bc - 500 ad) Mental disturbances seen as an outcome of brain disease. Melancholia (depression) ; mania ; dementia ; hysteria ; delusions ; hallucinations. Bizarre thoughts and behaviours seen as evidence of demonic possession or witchcraft. Renaissance (17th century) - move towards institutional confinement of those seen as deviant (most likely people suffering from things such as epilepsy, criminals, poor or people who have a mental disorder) Wasn"t seen as a priority that these people were treated. Madness increasingly seen as having an organic basis. Mental disorder achieved status of an illness .
