PHY2011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 28: Proprioception, Brainstem, Reticular Formation
20 Jun 2018
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Week 10 L3 (T5BL2)–Locomotion (movement control)
Rhythm and Balance and basic Patterned Movements
Locomotion is a series of complex, interlinked processes:
oPropulsion
oEquilibrium control
oSteering
oCompensation for predicted and unpredicted perturbations
oCombination with other movements
Spinal cord brainstem cerebellum Thalamus Midbrain (enough to control balance,
posture and make corrections without having to think about it (use the cortex))
The reflexes made by the MSs and the GTOs show that individual muscles aren’t important
and that they work on muscles as groups
oMyotatic units = a set of muscles acting at one joint
Reflexes act on them
They include:
-Agonist -the muscle responsible for a particular movement
-Synergists - muscles working with the agonist at the same myotatic
unit to produce the same movement
-Antagonist - muscles working at the same myotatic unit as the
agonist to produce movement in the opposite direction
The basic rhythm of locomotion exists in the spinal cord’s central Pattern Generators for
rhythmic limb movement
oIe stepping on something painful
Pulling your foot away
Extension of your other leg to adjust your weight/balance onto the other
foot
Pain causes flexion -lift foot and lift leg
- Activates flexor muscles in thighs
- Inhibits extensor muscles on the same leg
Other leg needs to extend to take on weight
- Same signal into spinal cord travels to neurons on the other side:
- Activation of extensor muscles
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Locomotion is a series of complex, interlinked processes: propulsion, equilibrium control, steering, compensation for predicted and unpredicted perturbations, combination with other movements. Spinal cord brainstem cerebellum thalamus midbrain (enough to control balance, posture and make corrections without having to think about it (use the cortex)) The reflexes made by the mss and the gtos show that individual muscles aren"t important and that they work on muscles as groups: myotatic units = a set of muscles acting at one joint. Agonist -the muscle responsible for a particular movement. Synergists - muscles working with the agonist at the same myotatic unit to produce the same movement. Antagonist - muscles working at the same myotatic unit as the agonist to produce movement in the opposite direction. The basic rhythm of locomotion exists in the spinal cord"s central pattern generators for rhythmic limb movement: ie stepping on something painful. Extension of your other leg to adjust your weight/balance onto the other foot.
