PHY2011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 20: Microvillus, Sensory System, Aroma Compound
20 Jun 2018
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Week 7 L3 (T4L7) -taste and smell
Taste -type 2 or 3 -specialised receptor cells that release neurotransmitters to nerve cells
Smell -type 1 sensory system -receptor cells are the nerve cells
Taste
Five taste sensations
oUmami
Indicates a protein-rich food
Caused by glutamate and ribonucleotides
Both found in high concentration in muscle tissue/meat products
oSweet
Carbohydrate-rich
oBitter
Toxic plants contain bitter substances
Warning signal
oSour
Unripe fruits or spoiled fruit
oSalty
Mineral and water balance
Taste receptors are all over the mouth, not just on the tongue
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oNo receptors in the middle of the tongue
oBitter taste receptors are denser in the back
Papillae -raised objects on the tongue -not taste receptors
oDifferent types of papillae
Taste buds are located along the sides of the papillae
oNot level with the surface of the tongue
oRecessed for protection
Saliva washes substances through pore
Taste cells
oHave extending microvilli to increase surface area
Supporting cells
oLocated between taste cells
oStructural support
oEnsure ionic environment is ideal
oAbsorb unnecessary chemicals to ensure taste cells aren’t swamped
Basal cells
oLocated below taste and structural cells
oStem cells
oReplace taste cells at regular intervals
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Taste -type 2 or 3 -specialised receptor cells that release neurotransmitters to nerve cells. Smell -type 1 sensory system -receptor cells are the nerve cells. Both found in high concentration in muscle tissue/meat products: sweet. Unripe fruits or spoiled fruit: salty. Taste receptors are all over the mouth, not just on the tongue: no receptors in the middle of the tongue, bitter taste receptors are denser in the back. Papillae -raised objects on the tongue -not taste receptors: different types of papillae. Taste buds are located along the sides of the papillae: not level with the surface of the tongue, recessed for protection. Taste cells: have extending microvilli to increase surface area. Supporting cells: located between taste cells, structural support, ensure ionic environment is ideal, absorb unnecessary chemicals to ensure taste cells aren"t swamped. Basal cells: located below taste and structural cells, stem cells, replace taste cells at regular intervals.
