PHA3011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Exocytosis, Peripheral Nervous System, Catecholamine
Lecture 1 Principles of neurotransmission
and the ANS
TO justify that a neurotransmitter is
responsible for a particular action: there has
to be a process inside the nerve to synthesise
the neurotransmitter (synthetic process). The
neurotransmitter has to be released following
nerve stimulation to reach the receptors to
produce its effect (that the R is activated by
the transmitter) the transmitter has to
have a process to remove it. Knowing this
helps us design drugs that can interact here.
Transmitter release occurs at axonal
varicosities. Vesicles are within varicosities.
Storage in vesicles is important: so that it is
ready to go (in a high concentration). Vesicles
ensure that it doesn’t get broken down in the
varicosities.
There are three major types of
neurotransmitters
• Type 1: simple amino acids (fast
acting) and made in the nerve
terminal. Type I target ligand gated
ion channels
o Glutamate
o Glycine
o GABA
• Type 2: catecholamines, amines,
purines (slower). Type 2 target GPCR
o Noradrenaline
o Dopamine
o Adrenaline
o ACh
o 5HT
o ATP
o Adenosine
• Type 3: neuropeptides (slowest) these
are much larger, made in the cell body
and they are transferred to be stored
o Encephalin
o Oxytocin
The ligand gated ion channel receptor and the
GPCR are considered effector coupling.
The peripheral nervous system
All neurons have their cell body in the CNS
*************************************
********
For each transmitter we need: synthesis,
storage, release, receptor activation and
termination of action.
All neurotransmitters are released via
exocytotic release
Document Summary
Lecture 1 principles of neurotransmission and the ans: atp, adenosine. To justify that a neurotransmitter is responsible for a particular action: there has to be a process inside the nerve to synthesise the neurotransmitter (synthetic process). The neurotransmitter has to be released following nerve stimulation to reach the receptors to produce its effect (that the r is activated by the transmitter) the transmitter has to have a process to remove it. Knowing this helps us design drugs that can interact here. Storage in vesicles is important: so that it is ready to go (in a high concentration). Vesicles ensure that it doesn(cid:859)t get (cid:271)roken down in the varicosities. There are three major types of neurotransmitters: type 1: simple amino acids (fast acting) and made in the nerve terminal. Type i target ligand gated ion channels: glutamate, glycine, gaba, type 2: catecholamines, amines, purines (slower).
