FIT2070 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Cpu Cache, Master Boot Record, Integrated Circuit
13 Jun 2018
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L1 - Computer System Overview
Operating System
● What does it do?
○ Exploits the hardware resources of one or more processes
○ Provides services to users
○ Manages memory and I/O devices
Basic elements
● Processor (CPU)
○ Controls the flow of executions
○ Processes the data
○ Perform calculations
● Main Memory (Primary Memory)
○ Stores data and programs
○ Volatile (temporary) - contents of memory lost when computer shuts down
● I/O modules
○ Moves data between the computer and external environments
● System bus
○ Provides communication among the three components
Top Level view of Computer Components
● PC - hold the address of the next instruction to be executed
● IR - holds the encoded instruction
● MAR - holds the memory location of data that needs to accessed
● MBR - stores the data being transferred to and from the immediate access store
Microprocessor
● Integrated circuit that contains all the functions of a central processing unit of a
computer
Graphical Processing Units (GPU)
● Computer chip that performs rapid mathematical calculations, mostly for the purpose
of rendering images
● Efficient computation
● on large arrays of data
Digital Signal Processors (DSPs)
● Deals with streaming signals (audio/video)
● Encoding/decoding speech and video
● Support for encryption and security
System on a Chip (SoC)
● Components like DSPs, GPUs, I/O devices and main memory and the CPUs and
caches are on the same chip
Instruction Execution
● Processor fetches the instruction from memory
○ PC holds address of the instruction to be fetched next (incremented after
each fetch)
● Processor executes each instruction
Interrupts
● Interrupts the normal sequencing of the processor
● Improves processor utilisation
Document Summary
Exploits the hardware resources of one or more processes. Volatile (temporary) - contents of memory lost when computer shuts down. Moves data between the computer and external environments. Pc - hold the address of the next instruction to be executed. Mar - holds the memory location of data that needs to accessed. Mbr - stores the data being transferred to and from the immediate access store. Integrated circuit that contains all the functions of a central processing unit of a computer. Computer chip that performs rapid mathematical calculations, mostly for the purpose of rendering images. Components like dsps, gpus, i/o devices and main memory and the cpus and caches are on the same chip. Pc holds address of the instruction to be fetched next (incremented after each fetch) Interrupts the normal sequencing of the processor. Example - receiving data from a communications line and printing results at the same time.
