IMM2022 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Sleep Deprivation, Neurotransmitter, Fish Oil
30 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
MENTAL HEALTH
• Inflammation:
o Cytokines can be immunoregulatory/anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory
o Overproduction of pro-inflammatory is associated with many diseases
Eg. RA; have increased IL-1 and TNF-a
IL-1 (IL-1a, IL-B)
o Produced by macrophages and epithelial
cells
o Causes: fever, T cell activation,
macrophage activation, inflammation
o Pro-inflammatory
IL-6
o Produced by T cells, macrophages and
endothelial cells (blood brain barrier)
o Causes: T and B cell differentiation,
production of neutrophils, acute phase
protein, fever
o Plays a role in diabetes, atherosclerosis,
alzheimers, SLE, RA
o Pro-inflammatory
TNF-a
o Produced by macrophages, NK cells, T cells
o Causes: promotes inflammation,
endothelial activation (allows migration),
activates NF-KB pathway, stimulates HPA
axis
o Plays a role in cancer, alzheimers
• Neuropsychiatric disorders:
o ADHD
o Anxiety
o Schizophrenia
o Bipolar disorder
o Depression
• Depression:
o Pro-inflammatory cytokines are consistently found to be increased in people with depression
o Decreased numbers and functions of NK cells
o Increased CD4+ T cells with shifts in TH1 and TH2 numbers (confounding factor?)
o Cytokines can pass through leaky regions of BBB (blood brain barrier) and enter brain
IL-1B, TNF-a and IL-6 can cause BBB to become leaky.
Endothelial cells of BBB can produce cytokines.
Cells of brain such as astrocytes, microglia and neurons can produce cytokines
o Effect of cytokines on brain:
- activate HPA axis (interaction between hypothalamus, pituitary gland and adrenal gland,
also part of the neuroendocrine system that controls reactions to stress and immune
system, involved in depression and other mood disorders)
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Inflammation: cytokines can be immunoregulatory/anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory, overproduction of pro-inflammatory is associated with many diseases. Tnf-a: neuropsychiatric disorders, adhd, anxiety, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, depression, pro-inflammatory cytokines are consistently found to be increased in people with depression, decreased numbers and functions of nk cells. Increased cd4+ t cells with shifts in th1 and th2 numbers (confounding factor?: cytokines can pass through leaky regions of bbb (blood brain barrier) and enter brain. Il-1b, tnf-a and il-6 can cause bbb to become leaky. Cells of brain such as astrocytes, microglia and neurons can produce cytokines: effect of cytokines on brain: Activate hpa axis (interaction between hypothalamus, pituitary gland and adrenal gland, also part of the neuroendocrine system that controls reactions to stress and immune system, involved in depression and other mood disorders) University (some evidence show tnf-a and il-6 increased in students at exam times: factors: Increased il-6 and nf-kb: adipose tissues secretes cytokines.
