FIT3031 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Advanced Encryption Standard, Session Key, Rc4

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L2: Symmetric Encryption Techniques
Cryptography
Study of mathemacal techniques to achieve secure communicaon
Used to protect data in transit
Techniques:
Encrypon
Symmetric
Asymmetric
Hash Funcon
Different Symmetric Encrypon Names
Shared-secret
Single-key
Secret-key Common key length: 128 bits
One key
Private key
Shared Key
Symmetric Encrypon
Sender and recipient share a common key and the security depends on the secrecy of the key
Components:
Plaintext: original message
Encrypon algorithm: algorithm that transforms plaintext to ciphertext
A secret key:
Ciphertext: the coded message
Decrypon algorithm
Cipher
Block Cipher
Processes one input block at a me
Produce one output block for each input block
Reuse keys
Mulple rounds increase security
Usually have structure described by Feistel
Stream Cipher
Process input element connuously
Produces one element at a me
Not commonly used
Fastly and use less code
Doesn’t reuse key as doing so would make cryptanalysis
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