EAE1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Cross-Bedding, Alluvium, Capillary Fringe
10 Aug 2018
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Document Summary
Surface water: water availability, rain to catchments -> soil and vegetation -> transpiration, rivers to oceans. Ice sheets and glaciers = 24,000,000km3 = 84. 945v: groundwater = 4,000,000km3 = 14. 158v, water vapour in atmosphere = 14,000km3 = 0. 049v, riverwater = 1,200km3 = 0. 004v. Infiltration capacity controlled by: 1. intensity and duration of rainfall, 2. prior wetted condition of soil, 3. soil texture, 4. slope of land, 5. nature of vegetative cover. Sheet flow -> tiny channels (rills: drainage networks, land area contributing to a stream = drainage basin. Streamflow: two types of flow determined by velocity. Laminar flow: turbulent flow, factors that determine velocity, gradient, or slope, channel characteristics (shape, size, roughness, discharge= volume of water moving past a given point in a certain amount of time. Running water changes from upstream -> downstream: profile, cross-sectional stream view, viewed from the head(headwaters or source) to the mouth, a smooth curve, gradient decreases downstream. Factors that increase downstream: velocity, discharge, channel size.
