BMS1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Phospholipid, Biological Membrane, Reducing Sugar
24 Aug 2018
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A polyhydroxyaldehyde or polyhydroxykentone, or substance that gives these compounds on hydrolysis. General formula: cnh2non (n varies from 3 8) Use d & l configuration for carbohydrates, not r & s: most oxidised group on top (usually cho) D-monosaccharide: -oh on its penultimate carbon on the right. L-monosaccharide: -oh on its penultimate carbon on the left (l = left) Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols to form hemiacetal. Cho group reacted with 4th oh group to form a cyclic hemiacetal. Anomeric carbon: stereocentre resulting from cyclic hemiacetal formation. Anomers: carbohydrates that differ in configuration at their anomeric carbon. Oh on anomeric carbon is same side (cis) to terminal ch2oh. Oh on anomeric carbon is opposite (trans) to terminal ch2oh. Fold the projection so the penultimate carbon is at the back right (-oh on c5) Usually represented as chair-conformation e. g. -d-glucopyranose e. g -d-ribofuranose. Chair conformation: draw the basic chair conformation shape.
