BMS2011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Potential Space, Pericardium, Superior Mesenteric Vein
30 May 2018
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Week 5. Respiratory, Gastrointestinal,
Kidneys, Endocrine and Skin system
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
• Humans have a double system, separate system for respiration
• Pulmonary circulation:
o Only for gas exchange (just for reoxygenation)
o Does not nourish lung tissue/doest keep lug alie
• Bronchial circulation:
o From aorta
o “all essels to ourish lug ad pipig
o Blood to tissue itself
o Tissue level circulation, not a separate pulmonary system
• Getting air in:
o Needs to be warmed/cooled to body temperature
o Humidified – air ist oist eough for suffiiet gas ehage
o Filtered – not breathing in just oxygen
o Best done in nose:
Thin, rich superficial blood supply (very delicate)
Mucous membrane (moisture), hair traps particles
o Nose and mouth converge:
Nasopharynx (back of nose)
Oropharynx (back of throat/oral)
Laryngopharynx (splitting into dedicated airway at front and food and drink
passage at back – oesophagus)
-breathe through either openings
-pharynx-> larynx
-anterior passage (larynx becoming trachea) is passively held open whereas
oesophagus is closed (has to be forced open)
-epiglottis: pathway for food into oesophagus
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
• Larynx:
o Vocal cords open to let air in
-can be tightened or loosened to change airflow
-change in vibration of cords changes the pitch of sound
-ehid throid artilage/Adas apple
-ist easil daaged
• Tracheo-bronchial tree:
o Passed vocal cords = cricoid cartilage (solid circular ring cartilage)
-> trachea begins immediately inferior to cricoid cartilage
C-shaped rigs ope posteriorl theres soft tissue
-allos oesophagus to push ito soft ak of trahea durig salloig loses
Rings keep airway open passively
Carina is where trachea bifurcates in left and right primary bronchi (~T5)
Primary bronchi
• right is straighter and shorter
• everything inhaled goes to right lung first
• one per lung
• enter hilum (root of lung)
Secondary bronchi
• oe per loe
-loes aret alas osistet; aret eessaril
completely separate from each other, can be subdivided
or partially fused
-3 on right, 2 on left (can be opposite)
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Tertiary bronchi
• down to business level
• separate regions: BronchoPulmonary Segment (BPS)
-completely autonomous
-work independently
• From each BPS:
o -> bronchioles (lost cartilage, can change
diameter of tubes, can close -> asthma)
o -> terminal bronchioles
o -> respiratory bronchioles
o -> alveoli
Surrounded by pulmonary capillaries
Receive deoxygenated oxygen
Passive transfer of O2/CO2 exchange
Oxygenated blood returns to heart via
pulmonary veins
• Breathe in too much CO2 -> brain forces to breathe properly -> pass out if not enough 02
• Right vs Left lung:
Right lung
Left lung
Lateral view (picture on left)
o Typically 3 lobes
Superior
Middle
Inferior
Lateral view (picture on right)
o Typically 2 lobes
Superior
Inferior
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Thin, rich superficial blood supply (very delicate) Mucous membrane (moisture), hair traps particles: nose and mouth converge: Laryngopharynx (splitting into dedicated airway at front and food and drink passage at back oesophagus) Anterior passage (larynx becoming trachea) is passively held open whereas oesophagus is closed (has to be forced open) Larynx: vocal cords open to let air in. Can be tightened or loosened to change airflow. Change in vibration of cords changes the pitch of sound. Is(cid:374)(cid:859)t easil(cid:455) da(cid:373)aged: tracheo-bronchial tree, passed vocal cords = cricoid cartilage (solid circular ring cartilage) > trachea begins immediately inferior to cricoid cartilage. C-shaped ri(cid:374)gs (cid:858)ope(cid:374)(cid:859) posteriorl(cid:455) (cid:894)there(cid:859)s soft tissue(cid:895) Allo(cid:449)s oesophagus to push i(cid:374)to soft (cid:271)a(cid:272)k of tra(cid:272)hea duri(cid:374)g s(cid:449)allo(cid:449)i(cid:374)g (cid:858)(cid:272)loses(cid:859) Carina is where trachea bifurcates in left and right primary bronchi (~t5) Secondary bronchi right is straighter and shorter: everything inhaled goes to right lung first, one per lung, enter hilum (root of lung, o(cid:374)e per (cid:858)lo(cid:271)e(cid:859)
