BCH2022 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Acetyl-Coa, Red Blood Cell, Carbohydrate Metabolism
25 May 2018
School
Department
Course
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Nutrition
Overview of catabolism and energy production:
• Main organ is kidney
• All oxidation reactions
o Break down
o Loss of pair of electrons in every step
• Glucose → converted to pyruvate via glycolysis
o Pyruvate → converted to acetyl CoA
o Occurs in cytosol
• Broken down to acteyl CoaA (energy rich)
o Undergoes citric acid cycle, converted to CO2 and H2O
▪ Occurs in mitochondrion
• Will not take place in absence of vitamins
What Are Vitamins? (4)
• Can’t synthesis all of them e.g. vitamin c
o Don’t have enzyme
• Need to consume large vitamins
o Niacin, can only consume small amount
• Important in energy production
• Needed to synthesis red blood cells
o Maintenance (clotting)
o E.g. vitamin K
Vitamins (5)
• Water soluble vitamins enter sell more easily
o Can’t be stored
o Excess is excreted
o Not heat stable
• Fat soluble
o When reach potential threshold, can become toxic
Vitamins as co-enzymes (7)
• Converting carbohydrates → fats: requires NADP and Biotin
• Protein → carbohydrates: requires PLP, B12
Pathways (8)
• Acteyl CoA completely oxidised
• Electrons released trapped by NAD to form NADH or FADH to form FADH2
o Transfer along ELC to produce ATP
• Proteins are broken down to amino acids
• Amino group is separated by carbon skeleton
Thiamin (9)
• Enzyme responsible for converting pyruvate to acetyl CoA
• Essential for carbohydrate metabolism
• And fatty acid metabolism
o Maintain integrity of nerve cells
• Two types of deficiency:
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Document Summary
What are vitamins? (4: can"t synthesis all of them e. g. vitamin c, don"t have enzyme, need to consume large vitamins, niacin, can only consume small amount. Important in energy production: needed to synthesis red blood cells, maintenance (clotting, e. g. vitamin k. Vitamins (5: water soluble vitamins enter sell more easily, can"t be stored, excess is excreted, not heat stable, fat soluble, when reach potential threshold, can become toxic. Vitamins as co-enzymes (7: converting carbohydrates fats: requires nadp and biotin, protein carbohydrates: requires plp, b12. Thiamin is coenzyme for pdh (pyruvate dehydrogenase: thiamin also critical there, to oxidise pyruvate to acetyl coa, absence of thiamine, cycle will be impaired. Important for synthesis of nucleic acids: pentose phosphate pathway thiamine essential, for synthesis of pentose sugars and nadh, necessary for synthesis of fats. Riboflavin (12: accumulate in cells sets foundation for various diseases, there are enzymes for scavenging and detoxidises, need vitamins but in trace amounts.
